Cancer in adolescents and young adults living with HIV

Abstract

Although data are sparse, the increased cancer risk for AYALHIV is the cause for concern and must be modified by improving global access and uptake of antiretroviral therapy, human papilloma virus (HPV) and hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccination, screening for hepatitis B and C infection, and optimized cancer screening programs. Education aimed at reducing traditional modifiable cancer risk factors should be embedded within multidisciplinary services for AYALHIV.

Clinical outcomes post transition to adult services in young adults with perinatally acquired HIV infection: mortality, retention in care and viral suppression

“…The incidence of a malignancy of 4.3/1000 personyears was ten-fold the general UK population aged 20-24 years (0.35/1000 person years (95% CI 0.33 -0.36), consistent with findings in other perinatal cohorts [23]. Whether the increased malignancy risk will be mitigated by guideline shifts to earlier ART initiation from infancy is unknown [24,25].…”

“…Whilst service, demographics, most recent CD4 count, HIV-VL, current ART and cumulative HIV-1 associated drug resistance mutations are described. [19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27]. Three due to advanced HIV; wasting syndrome and noma (1), gram negative sepsis/acute renal failure (1) and gastrointestinal Mycobacterium genovense (1), all with long term poor ART adherence; CD4 count <200 cells/ul for 18, 4 and 8 years respectively.…”

Prevalence of High Risk HPV in HIV-Infected Women From Belém, Pará, Amazon Region of Brazil: A Cross-Sectional Study

“…Based on the results of the present study, even the regular use of condoms does not seem to provide total protection against microbial infection, given that the condom does not fully cover the male reproductive organ, hence leaving areas potentially harboring infectious particles or subclinical lesions, in the case of HPV, exposed during sexual intercourse associated to this perception we can observe the possibility that not all patients given the true response about his real behavior inserting a trend in this analysis that we cannot measure but is prudent to consider. A history of multiple sex partners is an important risk factor for the acquisition of HPV because the higher the number of partners, drive more probability to interact with a contaminated partner ( 3 , 35 , 36 ).…”

“…HPV infects the epithelial surface and can lead to the development of proliferative benign lesions in the skin, mucosa and genital tract ( 3 ). Genital HPV infection is among the sexually transmitted infections (STIs) with the highest incidence and prevalence worldwide ( 4 – 7 ) and is associated with the development of low- to high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSIL and HSIL, respectively).…”

Contribution of Human Retroviruses to Disease Development—A Focus on the HIV– and HERV–Cancer Relationships and Treatment Strategies

“…As a consequence of an aging HIV-infected population, the occurrence of both HIV-associated (non-AIDS-defining) cancers and common incidental cancers has increased, becoming the main cause of death in developed countries [2]. It is noteworthy that adolescents and young adults living with AIDS also have an increased risk of developing both AIDS-defining and non-AIDS-defining cancers compared to HIV-negative individuals of the same age, and their relatively low adherence to ARVs could aggravate the occurrence of malignancies [16].…”