Cancer in Africa 2012

Abstract

Background: Noncommunicable diseases, and especially cancers, are recognized as an increasing problem for low and middle income countries. Effective control programs require adequate information on the size, nature, and evolution of the health problem that they pose.Methods: We present estimates of the incidence and mortality of cancer in Africa in 2012, derived from "GLOBOCAN 2012," published by the International Agency for Research on Cancer.Results: There were 847,000 new cancer cases (6% of the world total) and 591,000 deaths (7.2% of the world total) in the 54 countries of Africa in 2012, with about three quarters in the 47 countries of Sub-Saharan Africa. While the cancer profiles often differ markedly between regions, the most common cancers in men were prostate (16.4% of new cancers), liver (10.7%), and Kaposi sarcoma (6.7%); in women, by far the most important are cancers of the breast (27.6% of all cancers) and cervix uteri (20.4%).Conclusions: There are still deficiencies in surveillance systems, particularly in Sub-Saharan Africa and, specifically, of their most vital component, population-based cancer registries. With the number of annual cancer cases and deaths likely to increase by at least 70% by 2030, there is a pressing need for a coordinated approach to improving the extent and quality of services for cancer control in Africa, and better surveillance systems with which they can be planned and monitored.Impact: The results are the best data currently available and provide a reasonable appraisal of the cancer situation in Africa. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 23(6); 953-66. Ó2014 AACR.

Renal failure in cancer patients: results from the national cancer registry of Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire

“…Owing to the potentially multifactorial complexity of anemia, defining causes in cancer patients is not always simple, and conventional evaluation only has a limited value (23). The affected organs are identical to those observed in the African literature (13,14). In the study by Rosa et al, the highest incidence of AKI was observed in patients with cervical, ovarian and prostate cancers (24).…”

“…The 4 most common cancers were, in order of frequency, breast, cervical, prostate and liver cancers (13). In Côte d'Ivoire, the most common cancers are breast cancer (25.7%), uterine cancer (24%), prostate cancer (15.8%) and liver cancer (15%) (14).…”

“…Yokoi et al showed that locally advanced cervical cancer patients with adenocarcinoma histology experience significantly worse survival outcomes than those with carcinoma (28). About liver cancer, the proportion of new cases was 58 500 with 56 000 deaths estimated in 2012 (13). The main risk factors in operation for hepatic cancer on the African region are infections with the hepatitis viruses and aflatoxin (29,30).…”

Boosting Cancer Survival in Nigeria: Self-management Strategies

“…Estimated incidence and mortality rates for the year 2020 are lower in Nigerian men (72.7/100,000) than women (76/100,000) (Parkin et al, 2003).…”

“…Cervical cancer, the second most common cancer in Nigeria is mostly caused by an infection with Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) leading to invasive cancer 10-15 years after infection (Parkin et al, 2003). Other risk factors include: early commencement of intercourse, multiple sex partners, high parity, poverty, smoking and use of hormonal contraceptives (Kolawole, 2011).…”