Cancer predisposition in diabetics: risk factors considered for predictive diagnostics and targeted preventive measures

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a lifelong progressive disease with high morbidity and mortality worldwide. Whereas cardiovascular complications are well-known for DM, increasing evidence indicates that diabetics are predisposed to cancer. Understanding of molecular pathomechanisms of cancer in DM is of great importance. Dysregulation of glucose/insulin homeostasis leads to increased production of Reactive Oxygen/Nitrogen Species (ROS/RNS) and consequent damage to chromosomal/mitochondrial DNA, a frequent finding in DM. Long-term accumulation of modified/damaged DNA is well-acknowledged as triggering cancer. DNA-repair is a highly energy consuming process provoking increased mitochondrial activity. Particularly dangerous is a provoked activity of damaged mitochondria leading to a “vicious circle” lowering energy supply and potentiating ROS/RNS production. Mitochondrial dysfunction may be implicated in pathomechanisms of diabetes-related cancer. High risk for infectious disorders and induced viral proto-oncogenic activity may further contribute to cancer provocation. Much attention should be focused on preventive measures in diabetic healthcare, in order to restrict severe diabetes-related complications.

Chromium-Picolinate Therapy in Diabetes Care: Molecular and Subcellular Profiling Revealed a Necessity for Individual Outcome Prediction, Personalised Treatment Algorithms & New Guidelines

“…Quantitative subcellular imaging by “Comet Assay”-analysis revealed significantly higher DNA-damage in untreated diabetic group compared to healthy controls that is well in agreement with previous data published and reviewed earlier for diabetic patients [14–18]. Both comets class III and IV were representatively increased in diabetic group that together give a clue about damaged DNA.…”

“…Secondary chronic complications in turn results in organ damage leading to shortened life span, sudden death and high mortality in the diabetics (9). DM patients are highly predisposed to cancer (16–18). …”

Impaired wound healing: facts and hypotheses for multi-professional considerations in predictive, preventive and personalised medicine

“…In turn, the recruited inflammatory cells as well as invaded bacteria themselves contribute to the overexpression of matrix metalloproteases degrading the ECM and growth factors overloading the wound bed [75,144]. Some pathologies such as diabetes mellitus are known to increase risks of chronic infections, due to synergic effects of ineffective immune response on one side and on the other side systemic oxygen undersupply-both dramatically increasing the risks of infection [145,146].…”

Postmenopausal breast cancer: European challenge and innovative concepts

“…Overweight, obesity and diabetes mellitus type 2 are the risk factors well described in the context of the oestrogen-receptor-positive breast cancer prevalence specifically in postmenopausal women [30][31][32][33]. However, it does not explain the following facts.…”

“…The age difference was evaluated as statistically non-significant. Postmenopausal breast cancer group demonstrated in average the BMI = 26 (17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27)(28)(29)(30)(31)(32)(33)(34). Fifty percent of this group were overweight persons and 20% were diagnosed with diabetes type 2.…”