Cancer Prevention and Treatment by<i>Ganoderma</i>, a Mushroom with Medicinal Properties

Gao, Yihuai; Zhou, Shu‐Feng

doi:10.1081/fri-120023480

Cited by 55 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 217 publications

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“…The anticancer properties of G. lucidum have been attributed to a variety bioactive compounds including polysaccharides and lanostanebased triterpenes (19,20). We have recently demonstrated that transcription factor NF-κB controls invasive behavior of highly metastatic breast cancer cells (18), and that G. lucidum inhibits invasiveness of breast cancer cells through the suppression of NF-κB, resulting in the down-regulation of the expression of urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) and its receptor (uPAR) (21).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ganoderma lucidum inhibits proliferation of human breast cancer cells by down-regulation of estrogen receptor and NF-κB signaling

Jiang

Slivova²,

Slíva³

2006

Int J Oncol

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Abstract. Ganoderma lucidum, an oriental medical mushroom, has been used in Asia for the prevention and treatment of a variety of diseases, including cancer. We have previously demonstrated that G. lucidum inhibits growth and induces cell cycle arrest at G 0 /G 1 phase through the inhibition of Akt/NF-κB signaling in estrogen-independent human breast cancer cells. However, the molecular mechanism(s) responsible for the inhibitory effects of G. lucidum on the proliferation of estrogen-dependent (MCF-7) and estrogenindependent (MDA-MB-231) breast cancer cells remain to be elucidated. Here, we show that G. lucidum inhibited the proliferation of breast cancer MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells by the modulation of the estrogen receptor (ER) and NF-κB signaling. Thus, G. lucidum down-regulated the expression of ER· in MCF-7 cells but did not effect the expression of ERß in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells. In addition, G. lucidum inhibited estrogen-dependent as well as constitutive transactivation activity of ER through estrogen response element (ERE) in a reporter gene assay. G. lucidum decreased TNF-·-induced (MCF-7) as well as constitutive (MDA-MB-231) activity of NF-κB. The inhibition of ER and NF-κB pathways resulted in the down-regulation of expression of c-myc, finally suppressing proliferation of estrogen-dependent as well as estrogen-independent cancer cells. Collectively, these results suggest that G. lucidum inhibits proliferation of human breast cancer cells and contain biologically active compounds with specificity against estrogen receptor and NF-κB signaling, and implicate G. lucidum as a suitable herb for chemoprevention and chemotherapy of breast cancer.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ganoderma lucidum inhibits proliferation of human breast cancer cells by down-regulation of estrogen receptor and NF-κB signaling

Jiang

Slivova²,

Slíva³

2006

Int J Oncol

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“…The dried powder of G. lucidum has been used in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) for more than 2000 years to prevent or treat different diseases, including cancer (16). The anticancer properties of G. lucidum have been attributed to either the isolated polysaccharides, which are responsible for the stimulation of the immune system, or triterpenes, which demonstrate cytotoxic activity against a variety of cancer cells including breast, prostate, lung, colon, sarcoma, hepatoma and leukemia cells (17,18). However, the identification and characterization of the most biologically active agents from G. lucidum proved to be difficult due to the complexity of G. lucidum.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ganoderic acids suppress growth and invasive behavior of breast cancer cells by modulating AP-1 and NF-κB signaling

Jiang

Grieb²,

Thyagarajan³

et al. 2008

Int J Mol Med

112

125

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“…The solubility and extraction efficiency in water depends on the molecular weight of the polysaccharide and water temperature, with lower molecular weight and hot water showing increased efficiency [89]. However, this method has its disadvantages such as reduced yields, long extraction time and high extraction temperature, and hence new technologies are being developed to overcome these drawbacks.…”

Section: Extraction Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Triterpenes are usually extracted using organic solvents such as methanol, ethanol, chloroform or ether followed by different separation methods [89]. Ultrasonic techniques are currently being used to enhance the rate of extraction of triterpenes by destroying the dense structure in the cells [87].…”

Section: Extraction Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anti-cancer activities of Ganoderma lucidum: active ingredients and pathways

Jesuthasan

Bishop

Glucina³

et al. 2013

FFHD

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Ganoderma lucidum, commonly referred to as Lingzhi, has been used in Asia for health promotion for centuries. The anti-cancer effects of G. lucidum have been demonstrated in both in vitro and in vivo studies. In addition, the observed anti-cancer activities of Ganoderma have prompted its usage by cancer patients alongside chemotherapy.The main two bioactive components of G. lucidum can be broadly grouped into triterpenes and polysaccharides. Despite triterpenes and polysaccharides being widely known as the major active ingredients, the different biological pathways by which they exert their anti-cancer effect remain poorly defined. Therefore, understanding the mechanisms of action may lead to more widespread use of Ganoderma as an anti-cancer agent.The aim of this paper is to summarise the various bioactive mechanisms that have been proposed for the anti-cancer properties of triterpenes and polysaccharides extracted from G. lucidum. A literature search of published papers on NCBI with keywords "Ganoderma" and "cancer" was performed. Among those, studies which specifically examined the anti-cancer activities of Ganoderma triterpenes and polysaccharides were selected to be included in this paper.We have found five potential mechanisms which are associated with the anti-cancer activities of Ganoderma triterpenes and three potential mechanisms for Ganoderma polysaccharides. In addition, G. lucidum has been used in combination with known anti-cancer agents to improve the anti-cancer efficacies. This suggests Ganoderma's bioactive pathways may compliment that of anti-cancer agents. In this paper we present several potential anti-cancer mechanisms of Ganoderma triterpenes and polysaccharides which can be used for the development of Ganoderma as an anti-cancer agent.

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Cancer Prevention and Treatment byGanoderma, a Mushroom with Medicinal Properties

Cited by 55 publications

References 217 publications

Ganoderma lucidum inhibits proliferation of human breast cancer cells by down-regulation of estrogen receptor and NF-κB signaling

Ganoderma lucidum inhibits proliferation of human breast cancer cells by down-regulation of estrogen receptor and NF-κB signaling

Ganoderic acids suppress growth and invasive behavior of breast cancer cells by modulating AP-1 and NF-κB signaling

Anti-cancer activities of Ganoderma lucidum: active ingredients and pathways

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