Câncer que toma o corpo feminino: representações dialogadas [Cancer that takes the female body: dialogic representations] [Cáncer que toma el cuerpo femenino: representaciones dialógicas]

Abstract

Objetivo: descrever os conteúdos representacionais de mulheres vivenciando o câncer feminino. Método: estudo descritivo, exploratório e qualitativo, realizado com 20 mulheres em um centro de oncologia. Os dados foram coletados por entrevistas semiestruturadas áudio-gravadas, transcritas na íntegra, analisadas de acordo com a análise de conteúdo de Bardin. Utilizou-se como referencial teórico a Teoria das Representações Sociais. Resultados: da análise, emergiram quatro categorias que traduziram os conteúdos representacionais das mulheres, permeados pelo sofrimento interno e ancorados em representações de morte e medo. As falas apontaram que a depressão se une à essas representações, refletindo nas tomadas de decisões. O apoio social e forma como a mulher recebe o diagnóstico tem influência decisiva nas representações construídas e tratamento. Conclusão: dentro das representações sociais que cada mulher apresenta existem significados que requerem um olhar minucioso para se prestar uma assistência individualizada e que compreenda os processos biopsicossociais vivenciados pela mulher enfrentando o câncer.ABSTRACTObjective: to describe the representational contents of women experiencing female cancer. Method: in this exploratory, qualitative, descriptive study of 20 women in an oncology center, data were collected through audio-recorded, semi-structured, fully transcribed interviews and analyzed using Bardin content analysis. Social Representations Theory was used as a theoretical framework. Results: from the analysis, four categories emerged that expressed the representational contents voiced by the women, which were permeated by inner suffering and anchored in representations of death and fear. Their words showed that depression is linked to these representations and reflects on decision-making. Social support and how women receive their diagnosis have decisive influence on the representations constructed and on treatment. Conclusion: within the social representations that each woman presented, were meanings that required thorough consideration in order to provide individualized care that contemplated the biopsychosocial processes experienced by women facing cancer.RESUMENObjetivo: describir los contenidos representativos de mujeres que padecen cáncer femenino. Método: estudio descriptivo, exploratorio y cualitativo, realizado junto a 20 mujeres en una unidad oncológica. Se recolectaron los datos fueron a través de entrevistas semiestructuradas grabadas en audio, transcritas en su totalidad, analizadas según el análisis de contenido de Bardin. Se utilizó la Teoría de las Representaciones Sociales como marco teórico. Resultados: del análisis surgieron cuatro categorías que tradujeron los contenidos representacionales de las mujeres, impregnados por el sufrimiento interno y anclados en representaciones de muerte y miedo. Las declaraciones mostraron que la depresión se une a estas representaciones, reflejándose en la toma de decisiones. El apoyo social y la forma cómo la mujer recibe el diagnóstico tiene influencia en las representaciones y el tratamiento. Conclusión: dentro de las representaciones que presenta cada mujer, existen significados que requieren una mirada profunda para brindar una atención individualizada que comprenda los procesos biopsicosociales que viven las mujeres frente al cáncer.

Social representations of the family caregiver about palliative care in terminal patient / Representações sociais do cuidador familiar sobre cuidados paliativos em paciente terminal

“…Objectification, on the other hand, makes the represented concept or object familiar, it is taking the concrete and giving it meaning, in other words, it refers to any new element that will be interpreted by the individual according to a previous frame of reference, in other words, everything is interpreted according to old paradigms, so it supports the permanence of pre-existing beliefs and systems of interpretation. 11,13 From the moment it was created, TSR has fought against the idea that common sense is a mistake, and thus seeks to understand its functions and the needs to which it responds. What to someone else is considered wrong, to the subject of knowledge is meaningful and totally relevant.…”

“…And it is through this communication that agreements are negotiated in order to know how to deal with the events that occur in reality. 11,13 Communication is essential in the daily lives of patients, their caregivers and the multi-professional team. And, according to Moscovici, through the art of conversation, a community of meanings is created among those who take part in it, and these meanings are carried by social representations in such a way as to consist of a set of concepts, propositions and explanations that originate in everyday life through interpersonal communications.…”