Cancer-radiotherapy equipment as a cause of soft errors in electronic equipment

Wilkinson, Jeff; Bounds, Chad A.; Brown, Tucker; Gerbi, Bruce J.; Peltier, Jennifer

doi:10.1109/tdmr.2005.858342

Cited by 45 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…High‐energy photons (

> 10 MV

) are nominally avoided because of the increased probability that neutrons will be produced when the photons interact with the atomic nuclei of material they are penetrating. Several studies have suggested that neutrons may cause upsets in the memory or logic circuits of CIEDs (24,25) . Physical wedges are also avoided to minimize the enhancement of dose due to scatter radiation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…What may be a more plausible cause for the observed partial resets in our patient cohort was that both patients were treated with high‐energy (16 MV) photon beams. As indicated earlier, studies have suggested that neutrons may cause upsets in the memory or logic circuits of CIEDs (24,25) . Once the partial resets were identified, the treatment plans for both patients were modified and only low‐energy photon beams (6 MV) were utilized.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dosimetric review of cardiac implantable electronic device patients receiving radiotherapy

Prisciandaro

Makkar

Fox

et al. 2015

J Applied Clin Med Phys

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A formal communication process was established and evaluated for the management of patients with cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIEDs) receiving radiation therapy (RT). Methods to estimate dose to the CIED were evaluated for their appropriateness in the management of these patients. A retrospective, institutional review board (IRB) approved study of 69 patients with CIEDs treated with RT between 2005 and 2011 was performed. The treatment sites, techniques, and the estimated doses to the CIEDs were analyzed and compared to estimates from published peripheral dose (PD) data and three treatment planning systems (TPSs) — UMPlan, Eclipse's AAA and Acuros algorithms. When measurements were indicated, radiation doses to the CIEDs ranged from 0.01–5.06 Gy. Total peripheral dose estimates based on publications differed from TLD measurements by an average of 0.94 Gy (0.05–4.49 Gy) and 0.51 Gy (0–2.74 Gy) for CIEDs within 2.5 cm and between 2.5 and 10 cm of the treatment field edge, respectively. Total peripheral dose estimates based on three TPSs differed from measurements by an average of 0.69 Gy (0.02–3.72 Gy) for CIEDs within 2.5 cm of the field edge. Of the 69 patients evaluated in this study, only two with defibrillators experienced a partial reset of their device during treatment. Based on this study, few CIED‐related events were observed during RT. The only noted correlation with treatment parameters for these two events was beam energy, as both patients were treated with high‐energy photon beams (16 MV). Differences in estimated and measured CIED doses were observed when using published PD data and TPS calculations. As such, we continue to follow conservative guidelines and measure CIED doses when the device is within 10 cm of the field or the estimated dose is greater than 2 Gy for pacemakers or 1 Gy for defibrillators.PACS number: 87.55.N‐

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“…High‐energy photons (

> 10 MV

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dosimetric review of cardiac implantable electronic device patients receiving radiotherapy

Prisciandaro

Makkar

Fox

et al. 2015

J Applied Clin Med Phys

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show abstract

“…Neutron flux is compatible with that used for testing IC from conventional megavoltage machine. 67 The flux of neutrons at the expected electronic circuit board position is in the range 10 4 -10 5 n cm À2 s À1 Gy À1 during MLC operation (see Fig. 3).…”

Section: Isotopementioning

confidence: 98%

“…66 The neutrons can cause high rate of SEU through microdose effect in the elements of integrated circuit (IC) due to ion's transport from neutron reactions in lower intermetal dielectric layers of the IC. 67 Typical position of electronic boards in an MLC designed for megavoltage therapy is laterally to the MLC block. The values of the dose equivalent were estimated to be about 1.7 mSv Gy À1 at 10 cm and 1.2 mSv Gy À1 at 15 cm.…”

Section: Isotopementioning

confidence: 99%

Pitfalls of tungsten multileaf collimator in proton beam therapy

2011

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MLC is an efficient way for beam shaping and overall cost reduction device in proton therapy. However, based on this study, tungsten seems to be not an optimal material for MLC in proton beam therapy. Usage of tungsten MLC in clinic may create unnecessary risks associated with the secondary neutrons and induced radioactivity for patients and staff depending on the patient load. A careful selection of material for manufacturing of an optimal MLC for proton therapy is thus desired.

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“…Lower energies from accelerators, such as the more commonly prescribed 6 MV beams, are thus expected to have a similar result. Testing here involved 18 MV x‐rays, which have been proven to induce neutron effects in devices . There were no observable effects on operation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Radiation Testing of the GERD Stimulation Therapy System Using a Particle Accelerator

Gossman¹

2015

Neuromodulation: Technology at the Neural Interface

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Cancer-radiotherapy equipment as a cause of soft errors in electronic equipment

Cited by 45 publications

References 6 publications

Dosimetric review of cardiac implantable electronic device patients receiving radiotherapy

Dosimetric review of cardiac implantable electronic device patients receiving radiotherapy

Pitfalls of tungsten multileaf collimator in proton beam therapy

Radiation Testing of the GERD Stimulation Therapy System Using a Particle Accelerator

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