Cancer risk among 43 000 Norwegian nurses

Cancer incidence among large cohort of female Danish registered nurses

“…In accordance with previous studies of registered nurses (6,8,(15)(16)(17)(18)(19), we found an increased risk for breast cancer. Although the mechanisms through which estroAlthough the mechanisms through which estrogens cause cancer are not fully clear (21), the most impormost important, currently recognized risk factors for breast cancer seem to be related to them (20) [ie, a late first pregnancy, number of children, being nulliparous and not lactating, early menarche, late menopause, use of contraceptives and hormone replacement therapy (HRT) as well as alcohol consumption and obesity in postmenopausal women].…”

“…Most previous studies of nurses have included limited data on employment history and confounding factors, focused on few cancers only, or been relatively small (6)(7)(8)(9)(10).…”

“…We also studied the subgroup of nurses who have left the nursing profession. Finally, since employment in hospitals usually involves shift work, we further focused on breast cancer and the duration of employment in hospitals (8).…”

Shift work and cancer – considerations on rationale, mechanisms, and epidemiology

“…Although several studies (152)(153)(154) have reported an increased risk for breast cancer among nurses, no mention or investigation were made of other concomitant work-related risk factors that might have had some connection with the disease among healthcare workers (eg, radiation, lab reagents, sterilizers, and antineoplastic drugs). It is important to note, however, that for an unknown factor to confound an association in an occupational study of cancer, that fact must be strongly associated with both the exposure under study (ie, shift work) and the disease (ie, breast cancer) (155).…”

As causas de morte dos enfermeiros: uma revisão sistemática

“…As subcargas, por outro lado, são geradas pelo não uso das potencialidades vitais, sejam físicas ou mentais e decorrentes da monotonia e repetitividade de algumas atividades (Laurell, Noriega, 1989 (Laurell, Noriega, 1989 No âmbito internacional não são identificados estudos dessa amplitude, no entanto, estudos parciais somente com enfermeiros mostram um panorama semelhante (Lie, 2007;Schernhammer et al, 2001;Hawton;Vislisel, 1999;Gunnarsdóttir;Laughlin, 1994e Katz, 1983 (Lacaz, 1996).…”