Cancer risk assessment of human exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) via indoor and outdoor dust based on probit model

Abstract

In the present study, the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in indoor dust and outdoor dust including road and window dust around the traffic road in Hunan Province, China, were sampled and detected. The ∑PAHs in indoor dust ranged from 5007-24,236 ng g(-1), with a median of 14,049 ng g(-1). The ∑PAHs in road dust ranged from 3644-12,875 ng g(-1), with a median of 10,559 ng g(-1). The ∑PAHs in window dust ranged from 803-12,590 ng g(-1), with a median of 5459 ng g(-1). Similar pattern of PAHs was observed in road and window dust except in H3W and H4W samples, which was dominated by naphthalene (Nap), benzo(b+k)fluoranthene (B(b+k)F), phenanthrene (Phe), and fluorine (Fle). Indoor dust showed slightly different PAHs profiles, which was dominated by Nap, fluoranthene (Fla) and Phe. Risk assessment indicated that dermal contact and dust ingestion exposure pathways were more important than the inhalation pathway. Cancer risk of PAHs via dust varied from 2.73 × 10(-8)-8.04 × 10(-6), with a median of 2.06 × 10(-6) for children, and from 2 × 10(-8)-5.89 × 10(-6), with a median of 1.52 × 10(-6) for adult. Probit model showed that 76 and 71 % of samples in the sampling area would result in the risk of children and adult exposure to PAHs via dust higher than the acceptable level (1 × 10(-6)), respectively.

An overview of research and development themes in the measurement and occurrences of polyaromatic hydrocarbons in dusts and particulates

“…In particular the PAH in particulate data is used to calculate incremental lifetime cancer risk for the exposed population [104, 107, 119, 125, 126, 140, 141, 149, 150, 157, 160, 161, 176, 190-192, 214, 221, 222, 228-231]. Three pathways for exposure from PAH in particulates are discussed: i) Ingestion [104,141,149,150,176,190,214,220,222,223,[231][232][233][234][235]; ii) Dermal contact [104,141,149,150,176,214,220,222,223,231,233,235]; and iii) Inhalation exposure [105,131,137,141,142,147,152,159,160,177,181,191,193,208,210,213,220,221,…”

Comparing residential contamination in a Houston environmental justice neighborhood before and after Hurricane Harvey

“…The human health impacts of PAHs are dependent upon the toxicity and concentration of the compounds to which an individual is exposed, as well as the period of exposure (chronic or acute), route of exposure (inhalation, dermal contact, or ingestion), and individual immunological capacity [ 32 ]. While the literature describing adverse health outcomes associated with PAHs is largely focused on occupational exposures [ 38 , 39 ], a growing body of evidence suggests that residential settings may also serve as important environmental reservoirs of these compounds [ 40 , 41 , 42 ]. Although the health impacts of short-term PAH exposures are not well understood [ 43 ], exposure to background PAH concentrations has been associated with elevated serum markers of inflammation [ 44 ].…”

Domestic Exposure to Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in a Houston, Texas, Environmental Justice Neighborhood

“…Although prior research has quantified levels of exposure and subsequent potential health implications of PAHs in many occupational settings (Bosetti, Boffetta, and La Vecchia 2007; Langlois et al 2013; Lupo et al 2012; O’Brien et al 2016), more information is needed to quantify domestic exposures and their potential health impacts (DellaVale et al 2016; Deziel et al 2014; Kang et al 2015; Kim, Jahan, Kabir, and Brown 2013; Kuo, Hsu, and Lee 2003). Settled dust and particulate matter within homes can be an important exposure route for individuals, in general, and children, in particular.…”

“…Chronic exposure in adults has been linked to the development of breast, lung, gastrointestinal, and bladder cancers (Armstrong, Hutchinson, Unwin, and Fletcher 2004; Bosetti et al 2007; Mastrangelo, Fadda, and Marzia 1996; Mordukhovich et al 2016; Zhang et al 2016). Although the majority of studies investigating PAH-associated cancers have focused on occupational exposures (Bosetti et al 2007), a growing body of evidence has highlighted the need for additional research in residential settings (DellaVale et al 2016; Deziel et al 2014; Kang et al 2015). …”