Cancer Risk Factors Among Southeast Asian American Residents of the U.S. Central Gulf Coast

Xu, Yu; Ross, M. Candice; Ryan, Rebecca G.; Wang, Bin

doi:10.1111/j.0737-1209.2005.220205.x

Cited by 10 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…This study was part of a larger research project on cancer risk factors of Southeast Asian Americans in rural southern Alabama (Xu, Ross, Ryan, & Wang, 2005). In addition to Vietnamese, the larger study included Cambodians, Filipinos, Laotians, Thai, Malaysians, and Singaporeans.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A paper-and-pencil questionnaire was designed by the investigators, based on the Alabama Comprehensive Cancer Control Plan: 2001-2005(Alabama Department of Public Health Cancer Prevention Branch, 2001, the scientific literature published by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC; 2003), and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's (CDC) Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. The instrument consisted of 64 items in three parts: demographic data (6 items), general health information (8 items), and cancer risk factors (50 items).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition to Vietnamese, the larger study included Cambodians, Filipinos, Laotians, Thai, Malaysians, and Singaporeans. Its purpose was to assess the progress toward the achievement of the specific goals set in the Alabama Comprehensive Cancer Control Plan: 2000-2005(Alabama Department of Public Health Cancer Prevention Branch, 2001.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cancer Risk Factors of Vietnamese Americans in Rural South Alabama

Xu¹,

Ross²,

Ryan³

et al. 2005

J of Nursing Scholarship

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Significant cancer risk factors exist in the target population in comparison to available national data and Healthy People 2010 targets. More focused cancer prevention and early detection efforts should be initiated for this underserved population. Future research is needed to (a) determine the effect of acculturation on cancer risk factors and (b) develop culturally appropriate interventions to improve the effectiveness of cancer prevention and early detection interventions in this subgroup of Asian Americans.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cancer Risk Factors of Vietnamese Americans in Rural South Alabama

Xu¹,

Ross²,

Ryan³

et al. 2005

J of Nursing Scholarship

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“…Southeast Asian communities in the United States have suffered from high rates of tobacco use among men and high rates of chronic diseases associated with firsthand and secondhand smoking [1–3]. Minnesota is home to some of the largest populations of Hmong, Khmer (Cambodian), Lao and Vietnamese refugees and immigrants in the U.S. Rates of smoking in Minnesota’s Southeast Asian communities have been high among men (except Hmong men) and rates of secondhand smoke exposure have been high for all community members [4, 5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Culture, acculturation and smoking use in Hmong, Khmer, Laotians, and Vietnamese communities in Minnesota

et al. 2014

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BackgroundSoutheast Asian communities in the United States have suffered from high rates of tobacco use and high rates of chronic diseases associated with firsthand and secondhand smoking. Research is needed on how best to reduce and prevent tobacco use and exposure to secondhand smoke in these communities. The objective of this study was to examine how tobacco use patterns in Minnesota’s Southeast Asian communities have been shaped by culture, immigration, and adjustment to life in America in order to inform future tobacco control strategies.MethodsThe study consisted of semi-structured interviews with 60 formal and informal leaders from Minnesota’s Hmong, Khmer (Cambodian), Lao, and Vietnamese communities and incorporated principles of community-based participatory research.ResultsAmong Khmer, Lao and Vietnamese, tobacco in the homeland was a valued part of material culture and was used to signify social status, convey respect, and support social rituals among adult men (the only group for whom smoking was acceptable). Among the Hmong, regular consumption of tobacco was unacceptable and rarely seen until the civil war in Laos when a number of Hmong soldiers became smokers. In Minnesota, social norms have begun to shift, with smoking becoming less acceptable. Although older male smokers felt social pressure to quit, smoking functioned to reduce the stress of social isolation, economic hardship, prior trauma, and the loss of power and status. Youth and younger women no longer felt as constrained by culturally-rooted social prohibitions to smoke.ConclusionsLeaders from Minnesota’s Southeast Asian communities perceived key changes in tobacco-related attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors which were embedded in the context of shifting power, status, and gender roles within their communities. This has practical implications for developing policy and interventions. Older Southeast Asians are likely to benefit from culturally-tailored programs (e.g., that value politeness and the importance of acting in ways that benefit the family, community, and clan) and programs that work with existing social structures, as well as initiatives that address smokers’ psychological distress and social isolation. Leaders remained uncertain about how to address smoking uptake among youth, pointing to a need for additional research.

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“…Cambodian cancer data are usually combined with other groups in the Southeast Asian (SA) area that include Vietnamese, Thai, Laotians, and Hmong 8. Thus, it is difficult to interpret the research findings for the specific subgroups 8, 9. Cultural sensitivities and language barriers also play important roles in the limited data of Cambodian health status 2, 4.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Cambodian cancer incidence rates in California and Washington, 1998–2002

Kem

Chu

2007

Cancer

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BACKGROUND. Among the many diverse Asian ethnic groups living in the US, Cambodian immigrants comprise a small fraction (1.8%) of the total Asian population. Because of their small numbers, Cambodian vital statistics are often combined into Southeast Asian (SA) cancer data consisting of Vietnamese, Thais, Laotians, and Hmong. METHODS. The 2000 Census counts were used for 2 Cambodian populations, Cambodians alone and Cambodians alone and in combination with any other racial/ethnic group for California and for Seattle (Puget Sound area), Washington. Then the cancer incidence rates were calculated using cancer cases from the California and Puget Sound cancer registries between 1998–2002. The 1998–2002 annual age‐adjusted incidence rates, upper bound rates (based on the Cambodian alone population), lower bound rates (based on the Cambodians alone or in combination population) are reported and compared with the rates in the non‐Hispanic White (NHW) population in these regions. RESULTS. The top 5 cancers in Cambodian males are lung and bronchus, liver, prostate, colorectal, and stomach cancers. The sites where the rates are higher in male Cambodians than NHW males are (in ascending rank) nasopharynx, liver, stomach, myeloma, and lung and bronchus. The top 5 cancers for female Cambodians are breast, lung, colon and rectum, cervix, and thyroid. The sites where female rates are greater than NHW female rates are (in ascending rank) nasopharynx, liver, stomach, cervix uteri, oral cavity, and thyroid. CONCLUSIONS. The challenges to address the health issues of Cambodians are complicated by historical events that caused their emigration to the US. Many of the immigrants are survivors of the holocaust in Cambodia. Health programs for Cambodians must deal with the consequences of these issues as well as cultural issues of language and religion in helping Cambodians to reduce their cancer disparities. Cancer 2007. © 2007 American Cancer Society.

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Cancer Risk Factors Among Southeast Asian American Residents of the U.S. Central Gulf Coast

Cited by 10 publications

References 15 publications

Cancer Risk Factors of Vietnamese Americans in Rural South Alabama

Cancer Risk Factors of Vietnamese Americans in Rural South Alabama

Culture, acculturation and smoking use in Hmong, Khmer, Laotians, and Vietnamese communities in Minnesota

Cambodian cancer incidence rates in California and Washington, 1998–2002

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