“…Significant barriers to LCS uptake have been identified, including practical barriers (travel time and associated costs, work and/or career responsibilities), the impact of comorbidities, and emotional barriers (fear, shame, fatalism, avoidance, and low risk perception) inclusive of stigma. 36 - 39 To enable equitable participation, LCS programs need to address age, sex differences, current and past smoking status, socioeconomic status, and geographical factors. 38 …”