Cancer Survival Among US Whites and Minorities

Clegg, Limin X.; Li, Frederick P.; Hankey, Benjamin F.; Chu, Kenneth C.; Edwards, Brenda K.

doi:10.1001/archinte.162.17.1985

Cited by 473 publications

(135 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Although there are few studies that have evaluated the influence of Hispanic ethnicity on lung cancer survival, [1][2][3]59 our study is consistent with these investigations. However, some studies have found mixed results regarding the influence of nativity status on survival from NSCLC.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…Studies have demonstrated that Hispanics have 50% lower lung cancer mortality rates than non-Hispanic whites (NHWs) [1][2][3][4][5] ; however, Hispanics are more likely to be diagnosed at advanced stages [1][2][3][4]6 and less likely to receive treatment. 7,8 Relatively lower cancer mortality among US Hispanics is consistent with the so-called Hispanic paradox, referring to better health relative to NHWs despite disadvantages in socioeconomic status (SES).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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How Do Social Factors Explain Outcomes in Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer Among Hispanics in California? Explaining the Hispanic Paradox

Patel

Schupp

Gomez

et al. 2013

JCO

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Purpose Hispanics in the United States have lower age-adjusted mortality resulting from non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) compared with non-Hispanic whites (NHWs). The purpose of this study was to evaluate individual, clinical, and neighborhood factors in survival among Hispanics with NSCLC. Patients and Methods We performed a retrospective analysis of NHWs and Hispanics with NSCLC between 1998 and 2007 in the California Cancer Registry (follow-up to December 2009). Kaplan-Meier curves depict survival by nativity for Hispanics with NSCLC. Cox proportional hazards models estimated hazard of mortality by race with adjustment for individual (age, sex, marital status), clinical (histologic grade, surgery, irradiation, chemotherapy), and neighborhood factors (neighborhood socioeconomic status, ethnic enclave). Results We included 14,280 Hispanic patients with NSCLC. Foreign-born Hispanics had 15% decreased risk of disease-specific mortality resulting from NSCLC compared with NHWs (hazard ratio [HR], 0.85; 95% CI, 0.83 to 0.88) after adjustment for individual, clinical, and neighborhood factors. After adjustment for individual factors, compared with US-born Hispanics, foreign-born Hispanics had 10% decreased risk of disease-specific mortality (HR, 0.90; 95% CI, 0.87 to 0.96). Clinical and neighborhood factors slightly moderated the survival benefit for foreign-born patients. A modestly more pronounced survival advantage was seen for foreign-born Hispanics living in low socioeconomic and high Hispanic enclave neighborhoods as compared with US-born Hispanics (HR, 0.86; 95% CI, 0.81 to 0.90). Conclusion Foreign-born Hispanics with NSCLC have a decreased risk of disease-specific mortality compared with NHWs and US-born Hispanics with NSCLC. Neighborhood factors slightly moderate this survival advantage. This survival advantage is slightly more pronounced in lower socioeconomic and higher Hispanic enclave neighborhoods.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

How Do Social Factors Explain Outcomes in Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer Among Hispanics in California? Explaining the Hispanic Paradox

Patel

Schupp

Gomez

et al. 2013

JCO

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“…The place of estrogen receptor modifiers (SERMs) in the treatment of breast cancer is now well established. Survival in breast cancer patients in the developed world has increased considerably over the past several decades, due principally to more widespread screening and the systematic use of adjuvant therapy [8,9] . Whilst adjuvant therapy with SERMs, aromatase inhibitors, cytotoxic agents, monoclonal antibodies and other agents has transformed the outlook for breast cancer patients, there remains considerable unmet need for improvements in both efficacy and tolerability.…”

Section: Topic Highlightmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toremifene in the treatment of breast cancer

Mustonen¹

2014

WJCO

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Core tip: Toremifene is safe and effective in the treatment of breast cancer. Toremifene and tamoxifen are equivalently effective in the treatment of breast cancer, although some studies show an advantage for toremifene. Safety and tolerability is also broadly equivalent, although toremifene may cause fewer uterine neoplasms, serious vascular adverse events and has a more beneficial effect on plasma lipids than does tamoxifen.Mustonen MVJ, Pyrhönen S, Kellokumpu-Lehtinen PL. Toremifene in the treatment of breast cancer.

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“…Critical data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) program (1992-2000) show that the incidence of gallbladder cancer (GBC) is assessed at 2.5 per 100,000 persons making it the most common primary biliary tract malignancy, representing 46% of all such malignancies [1]. Major pockets of significantly high occurrences include Central and South America (Chile, Mexico, and Bolivia), Central and Eastern Europe (Hungary, Poland, Czechoslovakia, and Austria) and Japan [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prognostic Significance of HER-2 and p53 Expression in Gallbladder Carcinoma in North Indian Patients

et al. 2016

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Background/Objective: Proto-oncogenes (HER-2) and tumor suppressor genes (p53) are commonly deregulated in gallbladder cancer (GBC). Available literature discloses skewed data from endemic Asian countries, especially north India. This study evaluates the prognostic significance of HER-2 and p53 in GBC patients from two major hospitals. Methods: Sixty resectable tumor and control specimens were prospectively collected from December 2012 to January 2016. Immunohistochemical staining was done using monoclonal antibodies to semiquantitatively evaluate HER-2 and p53 protein expression. The criterion for HER-2 positivity was set at >30% tumor cells showing complete, membranous staining while p53 positivity was established at <50% tumor cells showing complete nuclear staining. Clinicopathological correlations were drawn with major clinical outcomes. Results: It was observed that 36.67% (22/60) tumor cases and 5% (3/60) control cases showed strong HER-2 overexpression significantly correlating with sex, T-stage, nodal spread and distant metastasis (p < 0.05), while 33.3% (20/60) positivity was observed for p53 in tumor cases and 1.7% (1/60) in control cases. Multivariate analysis showed HER-2 (p = 0.04; hazard ratio: 2.36; 95% confidence interval: 1.04-5.33) and p53 (p = 0.03; hazard ratio: 5.63; 95% confidence interval: 1.21-26.26) expression to be independent prognostic factors. Conclusion: Our study thus suggests the plausible role of HER-2 and p53 expression in worse prognosis of GBC in a north Indian population.

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Cancer Survival Among US Whites and Minorities

Abstract: Survival rates in patients with cancer have improved in recent years, but racial or ethnic differences in survival rates and in RRs of cancer death persist. Additional studies are needed to clarify the socioeconomic, medical, biological, cultural, and other determinants of these findings.

Cited by 473 publications

References 42 publications

How Do Social Factors Explain Outcomes in Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer Among Hispanics in California? Explaining the Hispanic Paradox

How Do Social Factors Explain Outcomes in Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer Among Hispanics in California? Explaining the Hispanic Paradox

Toremifene in the treatment of breast cancer

Prognostic Significance of HER-2 and p53 Expression in Gallbladder Carcinoma in North Indian Patients

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