Cancer survival in Brazil: Estimate through the mortality to incidence ratio

Reis, Rejane de Souza; Scaff, Alfredo

doi:10.5897/jphe2018.1027

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…It is better than that reported for Brazil from 2002 to 2014, which was 52% for males and 56% for females. 27 This difference could be partly explained by the fact that our study looked at a different time frame than the Brazilian study, or it might result from an improvement in the quality of treatment. Our results are comparable to that in Australia.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 79%

Cancer mortality-to-incidence ratio among Iraqi citizens: Nine-year National Estimates (2012-2020) and its relation to population growth rate and health expenditure

Al-Asadi,

Salman

2024

Qatar Medical Journal

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Background: Cancer continues to be a significant worldwide health concern with substantial mortality. The cancer mortality-to-incidence ratio (MIR), a proxy measure of observed five-year survival, can serve as a valuable indicator of cancer management outcomes and healthcare disparities among countries. This study aims to determine the MIR trend for all cancers combined among Iraqi citizens during 2012-2020 for health expenditure percentages out of the gross domestic product (e/GDP (%)) and population growth rate. Methods: The study used the Iraqi Cancer Registry annual reports for cancer data and World Bank data for health expenditure and population growth. Simple linear regression analysis examined the relationship between health expenditure, growth rate, and MIR, while joinpoint regression analysis examined the trend over time. The Ethics Committee of the College of Medicine at the University of Basrah approved the study. Results: An increasing trend in crude incidence rates for all cancer types combined was seen with a decrease in mortality rates from 2012 to 2020 in both sexes. A non-statistically significant reduction in MIR was found with an average annual percent change (AAPC) of -3.1% (P = 0.100). The decrease in MIR was higher among females than males, with a statistically significant difference (P = 0.003). High health expenditure presented as e/GDP (%) was associated with a favorable cancer survival rate, but this was not statistically significant (R 2 = 0.263, P = 0.158). In contrast, a low growth rate was significantly associated with cancer patients’ survival (R 2 = 0.505, P = 0.032). Conclusions: As indicated by the MIR and the MIR complement (1-MIR), the proxy five-year survival rate is improving in Iraq with time. Although not statistically significant, high health expenditure favorably affected overall cancer survival. A low growth rate, on the other hand, significantly improves cancer patients’ survival.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 79%

Cancer mortality-to-incidence ratio among Iraqi citizens: Nine-year National Estimates (2012-2020) and its relation to population growth rate and health expenditure

Al-Asadi,

Salman

2024

Qatar Medical Journal

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“…Reis et al . also reported the estimated 5-year survival by using the complement of the mortality-to-incidence ratio; analyzing different series over five years, they found survival rates of 68%, 73%, 78%, 79%, and 72% for the north, northeast, middle-west, southwest, and north regions of Brazil, respectively 35 . The improvement of the quality of mortality information in Brazil as well as the incidence data, such as those in the present study, has allowed a more reliable evaluation of cancer control policies in the study area.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing trends of breast cancer and carcinoma in situ to monitor screening policies in developing settings

Brito

Lima

Siqueira³

et al. 2019

Sci Rep

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There have been arguments about the role of breast cancer screening at the population level, and some points of controversy have arisen, such the establishment of organized screening policies and the age at which to begin screening. The real benefit of screening has been questioned because the results of this practice may increase the diagnosis of indolent lesions without decreasing mortality due to breast cancer. The authors have proposed a study of incidence and mortality trends for breast cancer in a developing setting in Brazil to monitor the effectiveness of the official recommendations that prioritize the age group from 50 to 69 years. The database of the Cancer Registry and the Mortality Information System was used to calculate age-standardized and age-specific rates, which were then used to calculate incidence and mortality trends using the Joinpoint Regression Program. The results showed stability in trends across all ages and age-specific groups in both incidence and mortality. In conclusion, we found that incidence and mortality rates are compatible with those in regions with similar human development indexes, and trends have demonstrated stabilization. Thus, we do not endorse changes in the official recommendations to conduct screening for ages other than 50 to 69 years, nor should policy makers implement organized screening strategies. Considering the epidemiological transition of developing countries, breast cancer has become a growing burden in these areas 1. Brazil has been experiencing increasing incidence rates, especially in state capitals and more developed regions 2. Mortality rates have also remained high 3. Breast cancer is the type of cancer with the highest mortality rate among women. Brazilian cancer registries cover less than 50% of the Brazilian population, and incidence rates are obtained by estimates made by the Brazilian National Cancer Institute (INCA) every two years. It has been estimated that the mean age-standardized incidence rate for 2018-2019 in Brazil is 51.3 per 100,000 women; in the state capitals, the estimated rate is 64.0 per 100,000 women 4. Information regarding the impact of mortality comes from the analysis of the database of the Mortality Information System (SIM). For 2016, the age-standardized mortality rate in Brazil was 12.7 per 100,000 women 5. The role of screening has been discussed, including whether it has actually been effective in decreasing mortality and not just increasing survival and whether the difference is due only to the overdiagnosis of approximately 30% additional cases obtained by screening mammography 6-8. A major point of argument regarding screening has been the age at which to start. Many organizations associated with cancer control have advocated starting screening at the age of 40 years, emphasizing the associated increase in survival. However, we must consider the possibility of diagnosing indolent lesions, which inflates the incidence statistics and leads to consequent overtreatment that could be harmful to the patient 9-11 .

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Social inequalities in the incidence, mortality, and survival of neoplasms in women from a municipality in Southeastern Brazil

2022

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This study aims to analyze inequalities in the incidence, mortality, and survival of the main types of cancer in women according to the Social Vulnerability Index (SVI). The study was conducted in Campinas, São Paulo State, Brazil, from 2010 to 2014, and used data from the Population-based Cancer Registry and the Mortality Information System. Incidence and mortality rates standardized by age and 5-year survival estimates were calculated according to the social vulnerability strata (SVS), based on the São Paulo Social Vulnerability Index. Three SVS were delimited, with SVS1 being the lowest level of vulnerability and SVS3 being the highest. Rate ratios and the concentration index were calculated. The significance level was 5%. Women in SVS1 had a higher risk of breast cancer (0.46; 95%CI: 0.41; 0.51), colorectal cancer (0.56; 95%CI: 0.47; 0.68), and thyroid cancer (0.32; 95%CI: 0.26; 0.40), whereas women from SVS3 had a higher risk of cervical cancer (2.32; 95%CI: 1.63; 3.29). Women from SVS1 had higher mortality rates for breast (0.69; 95%CI: 0.53; 0.88) and colorectal cancer (0.69; 95%CI: 0.59; 0.80) and women from SVS3 had higher rates for cervical (2.35; 95%CI: 1.57; 3.52) and stomach cancer (1.43; 95%CI: 1.06; 1.91). Women of highest social vulnerability had lower survival rates for all types of cancer. The observed inequalities differed according to the location of the cancer and the analyzed indicator. Inequalities between incidence, mortality, and survival tend to revert and the latter is always unfavorable to the segment of highest vulnerability, indicating the existence of inequality in access to early diagnosis and timely treatment.

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Cancer survival in Brazil: Estimate through the mortality to incidence ratio

Cited by 4 publications

References 20 publications

Cancer mortality-to-incidence ratio among Iraqi citizens: Nine-year National Estimates (2012-2020) and its relation to population growth rate and health expenditure

Cancer mortality-to-incidence ratio among Iraqi citizens: Nine-year National Estimates (2012-2020) and its relation to population growth rate and health expenditure

Assessing trends of breast cancer and carcinoma in situ to monitor screening policies in developing settings

Social inequalities in the incidence, mortality, and survival of neoplasms in women from a municipality in Southeastern Brazil

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