Cancer survivorship and sexual orientation

Boehmer, Ulrike; Miao, Xiao; Ozonoff, Al

doi:10.1002/cncr.25950

Cited by 215 publications

(140 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…The ways in which LGB individuals are affected by cancer and how they cope were discussed within several papers, indicating many sexual minority attitudes are common with heterosexual cancer survivors, but sexual minorities may report poorer health [24,[26][27][28]53,54].…”

Section: Coping and Wellbeingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A further USA study compared 68 SMW and 143 heterosexual women levels of stress, and found that minority breast cancer survivors had higher perceived stress compared to heterosexual breast cancer survivors, had an uneven balance of participants and may influence the quality of the findings [54]. An analysis of pooled data from a USA California Health Interview survey from 2001, 2003, and 2005 examined and the self-reported health of sexual minority individuals were compared with heterosexuals [27]. The study concluded that of the 51,259 men and 71,135 women analysed there were no significant differences in cancer prevalence by sexual orientation, but lesbian and bisexual female cancer survivors had between 2.0 and 2.3 times the chances of reporting fair or poor health compared with heterosexual female cancer survivors.…”

Section: Coping and Wellbeingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sexual minority experiences of cancer care: A systematic review

Hill

Holborn

2015

Journal of Cancer Policy

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a b s t r a c tThere is a lack of published evidence from within the UK examining the needs of LGB cancer patients. A full systematic review of the worldwide literature was carried out with the aim to ascertain the experiences of sexual minority cancer patients and identify specific needs required.Key databases were searched with a variety of terms relating to the sexual minority cancer experience. Suitable literature was reviewed and references within all articles were search to ensure as inclusive a review as possible. Articles were subject to critical appraisal and scoring using The Support Unit for Research Evidence (SURE 2013) critical appraisal tools to assess eligibility for inclusion within the review. Twenty-five articles were selected for inclusion and were analysed. The papers were categorised into the emerging themes from the literature: Experiences of care (n = 6), Coping and Wellbeing (n = 6), Emotional Support (n = 4), Body Image (n = 3), and Sexual Function (n = 6). The data extraction revealed contrasting views and experiences of LGB individuals' experience of cancer care. Lesbian and gay individuals have different perspectives of cancer care and needs from heterosexuals. Discriminatory attitudes were found to be present in many studies as well as inequalities and gaps within care and support.There is evidence that supports the development of sexual minority specific cancer support groups. Further research of sexual minorities affected by cancer in the UK should be carried out to increase the evidence base and better identify the needs in this cultural group.

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Section: Coping and Wellbeingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Coping and Wellbeingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sexual minority experiences of cancer care: A systematic review

Hill

Holborn

2015

Journal of Cancer Policy

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“…For example, starting at young ages, sexual minorities are more likely than their heterosexual peers to engage in multiple cancer-related risk behaviors. 1 There are also some indications that sexual minority men are more likely than heterosexual men to be diagnosed with cancer in their lifetime, 2,3 sexual minority women are affected by breast cancer at younger ages and may respond differentially to treatment compared with heterosexual women, 4,5 and SGM cancer survivors collectively experience more symptoms of psychological distress. 6 Sexual minority populations also report lower satisfaction with patient-centered care and shared decision-making relating to cancer care.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Culturally Competent Care for Sexual and Gender Minority Patients at National Cancer Institute-Designated Comprehensive Cancer Centers

et al. 2018

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Purpose: This study sought to identify the policies and guidelines regarding culturally competent care of sexual and gender minority (SGM) cancer patients and survivors at National Cancer Institute (NCI)-Designated Comprehensive Cancer Centers. Methods: This study used an in-depth interview qualitative approach. Semistructured interviews were conducted via telephone with representatives from 21 of the 45 NCI-Designated Comprehensive Cancer Centers in 2015. Verbatim transcripts were created from the audiotapes for content analysis. Results: Two main themes were identified as follows: (1) patient-focused experiences and support and (2) organization-focused development activities. Most of the cancer centers in this study had an advisory committee to assist with SGM policies and guidelines. Despite the existence of these committees, the majority of centers did not have explicit policies, guidelines, or routine practices addressing the following issues: the collection and integration of sexual orientation and gender identity information in the medical record, gender-neutral language on patient forms, patient educational materials with SGM-specific health concerns, SGM-specific support for cancer survivors, or required SGM-specific cultural competency trainings for medical and nonmedical staff. Conclusion: In general, the cancer centers in this study lacked institutional policies, guidelines, and practices focused on patient-centered cancer care for SGM populations. Coordinated efforts are needed to systemically improve patient-centered cancer care for these populations.

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“…[3][4][5] The few studies that have focused on lesbian and gay cancer control issues have introduced the possibility that physical and mental health disparities affect lesbian and gay cancer survivors even after the cessation of cancer treatments. 6,7 Distress, a negative psychological reaction to the cancer experience, is among the most common side effects cited by cancer survivors of any sexuality, [8][9][10] and is linked to increased morbidity 11 and mortality. 12 Psychological distress appears to be more common among lesbian and gay survivors than among heterosexual survivors (with odds ratios > 1.7), 13,14 possibly as a result of exposure to minority stress and discrimination based on sexual orientation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Dyadic Exercise Intervention to Reduce Psychological Distress Among Lesbian, Gay, and Heterosexual Cancer Survivors

et al. 2016

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Purpose: Studies have found disparities in psychological distress between lesbian and gay cancer survivors and their heterosexual counterparts. Exercise and partner support are shown to reduce distress. However, exercise interventions haven't been delivered to lesbian and gay survivors with support by caregivers included. Methods: In this pilot randomized controlled trial (RCT), ten lesbian and gay and twelve heterosexual survivors and their caregivers were randomized as dyads to: Arm 1, a survivor-only, 6-week, home-based, aerobic and resistance training program (EXCAP ªÒ ); or Arm 2, a dyadic version of the same exercise program involving both the survivor and caregiver. Psychological distress, partner support, and exercise adherence, were measured at baseline and post-intervention (6 weeks later). We used t-tests to examine group differences between lesbian/ gay and heterosexual survivors and between those randomized to survivor-only or dyadic exercise. Results: Twenty of the twenty-two recruited survivors were retained post-intervention. At baseline, lesbian and gay survivors reported significantly higher depressive symptoms (P = .03) and fewer average steps walked (P = .01) than heterosexual survivors. Post-intervention, these disparities were reduced and we detected no significant differences between lesbian/gay and heterosexual survivors. Participation in dyadic exercise resulted in a significantly greater reduction in depressive symptoms than participation in survivor-only exercise for all survivors (P = .03). No statistically significant differences emerged when looking across arm (survivor-only vs. dyadic) by subgroup (lesbian/gay vs. heterosexual). Conclusion: Exercise may be efficacious in ameliorating disparities in psychological distress among lesbian and gay cancer survivors, and dyadic exercise may be efficacious for survivors of diverse sexual orientations. Larger trials are needed to replicate these findings.

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Cancer survivorship and sexual orientation

Cited by 215 publications

References 20 publications

Sexual minority experiences of cancer care: A systematic review

Sexual minority experiences of cancer care: A systematic review

Culturally Competent Care for Sexual and Gender Minority Patients at National Cancer Institute-Designated Comprehensive Cancer Centers

A Dyadic Exercise Intervention to Reduce Psychological Distress Among Lesbian, Gay, and Heterosexual Cancer Survivors

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