Cancer Testis Antigens

Cebon, Jonathan; Caballero, Otávia L.; John, Thomas; Klein, Oliver

doi:10.1002/9783527625970.ch9

Cited by 3 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…A decade earlier researchers largely based at the Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research and at the US National Institute of Health (NIH) first identified human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-restricted peptide cancer rejection antigens (Coulie et al 1994; Kawakami et al 1994a, b; Van der Bruggen et al 1991a). Over the subsequent three decades, numerous clinical trials have been undertaken targeting defined tumour antigens based on the assumption that the ability to enhance antigen-specific immune responses would likely lead to effective anti-cancer therapy reviewed in Cebon et al (2009). …”

Section: Clinical Impact Of Immunotherapymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They have highly specific expression as evidenced by their presence in germ cells but rapid disappearance when germ cells mature. Re-emergence in cancer and placenta has meant that these are often highly specific targets for cancer immunotherapy, and a number of vaccines have been developed to target these reviewed in Cebon et al (2009). MAGE-1 was the first of the antigens recognised by cloned T cells by Boon and colleagues (Traversari et al 1992; van der Bruggen et al 1991b), and phase I/II trials have been conducted with MAGE-A antigens.…”

Section: Defined Antigensmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Perspective: cancer vaccines in the era of immune checkpoint blockade

Cebon

2018

Mamm Genome

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Current excitement about cancer immunotherapy is the result of unprecedented clinical impact from immune checkpoint inhibitors, particularly those that target programmed death (PD)-1 and PD-ligand (L)-1. Numerous other immunotherapeutics are also finding their way into the clinic either alone or in combination, and these have potential applications in many cancer types. Therapeutic cancer vaccines have been a major focus for many pioneers in the field yet have largely failed to live up to expectations as game-changing immunotherapeutics. This, despite decades of focussed efforts that have identified antigens, optimised adjuvants and refined approaches to pre-clinical modelling and clinical monitoring. If antigen-directed immunotherapeutics are to take a place in the anti-cancer therapeutic armamentarium, it will be crucial to understand the potential niche that could be occupied by cancer vaccines that can specifically induce or modify immune response against cancer antigens.

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Section: Clinical Impact Of Immunotherapymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Defined Antigensmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perspective: cancer vaccines in the era of immune checkpoint blockade

Cebon

2018

Mamm Genome

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“…Indeed, epithelial to mesenchymal transition-like phenotype switching has been implicated as an escape mechanism following vaccination or ACT [ 37 , 38 ]. CTAgs comprise a large group of antigens, many of which are expressed following de-repression of epigenetic silencing in cancer [ 39 ]. In contrast to the unique products of mutations, their expression is shared between tumours and restricted normal tissues, mostly at immune-privileged sites.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In contrast to the unique products of mutations, their expression is shared between tumours and restricted normal tissues, mostly at immune-privileged sites. Therefore, they are able to stimulate potent immune responses [ 40 ] and many have been widely trialled as vaccine antigens [ 39 ]. Namely, an NY-ESO-1 vaccine was able to induce antigen-specific cellular and humoral responses but did not affect overall survival, possibly due to its limited tumour expression [ 41 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ropporin-1 and 1B Are Widely Expressed in Human Melanoma and Evoke Strong Humoral Immune Responses

Duarte

Woods

Quigley

et al. 2021

Cancers

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Antibodies that block immune regulatory checkpoints (programmed cell death 1, PD-1 and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen 4, CTLA-4) to mobilise immunity have shown unprecedented clinical efficacy against cancer, demonstrating the importance of antigen-specific tumour recognition. Despite this, many patients still fail to benefit from these treatments and additional approaches are being sought. These include mechanisms that boost antigen-specific immunity either by vaccination or adoptive transfer of effector cells. Other than neoantigens, epigenetically regulated and shared antigens such as NY-ESO-1 are attractive targets; however, tissue expression is often heterogeneous and weak. Therefore, peptide-specific therapies combining multiple antigens rationally selected to give additive anti-cancer benefits are necessary to achieve optimal outcomes. Here, we show that Ropporin-1 (ROPN1) and 1B (ROPN1B), cancer restricted antigens, are highly expressed and immunogenic, inducing humoral immunity in patients with advanced metastatic melanoma. By multispectral immunohistochemistry, 88.5% of melanoma patients tested (n = 54/61) showed ROPN1B expression in at least 1 of 2/3 tumour cores in tissue microarrays. Antibody responses against ROPN1A and ROPN1B were detected in 71.2% of melanoma patients tested (n = 74/104), with increased reactivity seen with more advanced disease stages. Thus, ROPN1A and ROPN1B may indeed be viable targets for cancer immunotherapy, alone or in combination with other cancer antigens, and could be combined with additional therapies such as immune checkpoint blockade.

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“…Melanoma antigens have been categorized as: melanosomal or differentiation antigens [66,67]; CT or cancer/germline antigens [68,69]; and those which are the products of cancer-specific mutations and cell-surface antigens that may be suitable for antibody targeting. A comprehensive list of peptide epitopes defined in melanoma and other tumor types can be found at [304].…”

Section: Specific Melanoma-associated Antigensmentioning

confidence: 99%

Melanoma vaccines: developments over the past 10 years

Klein¹,

Schmidt²,

Knights³

et al. 2011

Expert Review of Vaccines

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Decades of preclinical evaluation and clinical trials into melanoma vaccines have yielded spectacular progress in our understanding of melanoma antigens and the immune mechanisms of tumor rejection. Key insights and the results of their clinical evaluation are reviewed in this article. Unfortunately, durable clinical benefit following vaccination remains uncommon. Two recent clinical advances that will impact on melanoma vaccine development are trials with inhibitors of CTLA-4 and oncogenic BRAF. Long-term therapeutic control of melanoma will require integration of specific active immunotherapy with these emerging successful therapies from the disparate fields of immune regulation and signal transduction.

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Cancer Testis Antigens

Cited by 3 publications

References 61 publications

Perspective: cancer vaccines in the era of immune checkpoint blockade

Perspective: cancer vaccines in the era of immune checkpoint blockade

Ropporin-1 and 1B Are Widely Expressed in Human Melanoma and Evoke Strong Humoral Immune Responses

Melanoma vaccines: developments over the past 10 years

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