Cancer through black eyes - The views of UK based black men towards cancer: A constructivist grounded theory study

“Hard to reach, but not out of reach”: Barriers and facilitators to recruiting Black African and Black Caribbean men with prostate cancer and their partners into qualitative research

“…Non‐disclosure was mostly attributed to perceptions of self and social stigma associated with being diagnosed with CaP within the BA/BC cultural setting. This supports existing evidence that cultural perceptions of CaP (such as fatality, emasculating) often impact on Black men's attitudes and behaviours towards public disclosure of the disease (Kendrick, ; Mulugeta et al, ; Pedersen, Armes, & Ream, ; Rivas et al, ). Nevertheless, Nanton and Dale () successfully recruited Jamaican men with CaP through the church, personal contacts of their interviewers and the local community.…”

“…Although priority in qualitative research is focused more on obtaining rich and in‐depth data, (Bonevski et al, ), it was considered essential to reduce the risk of under‐recruitment which could jeopardise theoretical saturation (when emerging categories are fully conceptualised and no further data is required) crucial to the rigour and trustworthiness of this grounded theory study (Foley & Timonen, ). Therefore, the research team projected (based on previous grounded theory studies e.g., Mulugeta et al, ) that approximately 30 men and partners inclusive, would provide the rich in‐depth data required to achieve theoretical saturation. We also considered that the few previous related studies (Anderson, Marshall‐Lucette, & Webb, ; Gray, Fergus, & Fitch, ; Nanton & Dale, ) had mostly involved Jamaican men and no study was identified which included partners of BA/BC men with CaP.…”

“…Amidst suggestions that BA and BC groups are often "hard to reach" (Mulugeta, Williamson, Monks, Hack, & Beaver, 2017) because they cannot be easily accessed by researchers (Sydor, 2013), there is a dearth of literature reporting researchers' perspectives on the barriers and facilitators to recruiting BA/BC men and their partners into qualitative research on CaP survivorship. Current available evidence has focused on participants' perspectives and clinical research on CaP (Toms, Cahill, George, & Hemelrijck, 2016).…”

“Man in the driving seat”: A grounded theory study of the psychosocial experiences of Black African and Black Caribbean men treated for prostate cancer and their partners

“…Whilst evidence suggests that shared racial origin does not imply shared ethnicity/culture, it appears that BA and BC men's shared beliefs regarding hegemonic masculinity and their similar demographics in this study (eg, UK‐based, age, treatment type, and marital status) may have contributed to the resonance in their pattern of behaviour along the CaP journey. Mulugeta et al also identified substantial similarities in the beliefs and attitudes of BA and BC men in the United Kingdom towards cancer.…”

“…Predominant perceptions of stigma associated with CaP, hierarchical power structure in marital relationships and traditional gender values, which are underpinned by hegemonic masculinity stereotypes, also suggest the posttreatment experiences of BA/BC men with CaP and their partners may be different. In addition to male dominance, independence and stoicism, which all characterise hegemonic masculinity, there are societal expectations in some BA/BC cultures for the man to be the natural head of the family, taking on roles such as the main breadwinner and decision maker; while the woman's role is more associated with dependence and caregiving .…”