Cancer Vaccines: Research and Applications

Apostolopoulos, Vasso

doi:10.3390/cancers11081041

Cited by 23 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 36 publications

(36 reference statements)

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“…The vaccination method can be immune cell-mediated, using antigen presenting cells such as dendritic cells, peptide based or nucleic acid based ( 162 , 163 ). As a whole, these methods have shown exciting pre-clinical data and interesting early phase trials with limited activity in monotherapy.…”

Section: Improving Immunotherapy Efficacy: Beyond Immune Checkpoint Inhibitorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improving Immunotherapy Efficacy in Soft-Tissue Sarcomas: A Biomarker Driven and Histotype Tailored Review

et al. 2021

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Anti-PD-(L)1 therapies yield a disappointing response rate of 15% across soft-tissue sarcomas, even if some subtypes benefit more than others. The proportions of TAMs and TILs in their tumor microenvironment are variable, and this heterogeneity correlates to histotype. Tumors with a richer CD8+ T cell, M1 macrophage, and CD20+ cells infiltrate have a better prognosis than those infiltrated by M0/M2 macrophages and a high immune checkpoint protein expression. PD-L1 and CD8+ infiltrate seem correlated to response to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI), but tertiary lymphoid structures have the best predictive value and have been validated prospectively. Trials for combination therapies are ongoing and focus on the association of ICI with chemotherapy, achieving encouraging results especially with pembrolizumab and doxorubicin at an early stage, or ICI with antiangiogenics. A synergy with oncolytic viruses is seen and intratumoral talimogene laherpavec yields an impressive 35% ORR when associated to pembrolizumab. Adoptive cellular therapies are also of great interest in tumors with a high expression of cancer-testis antigens (CTA), such as synovial sarcomas or myxoid round cell liposarcomas with an ORR ranging from 20 to 50%. It seems crucial to adapt the design of clinical trials to histology. Leiomyosarcomas are characterized by complex genomics but are poorly infiltrated by immune cells and do not benefit from ICI. They should be tested with PIK3CA/AKT inhibition, IDO blockade, or treatments aiming at increasing antigenicity (radiotherapy, PARP inhibitors). DDLPS are more infiltrated and have higher PD-L1 expression, but responses to ICI remain variable across clinical studies. Combinations with MDM2 antagonists or CDK4/6 inhibitors may improve responses for DDLPS. UPS harbor the highest copy number alterations (CNA) and mutation rates, with a rich immune infiltrate containing TLS. They have a promising 15-40% ORR to ICI. Trials for ICB should focus on immune-high UPS. Association of ICI with FGFR inhibitors warrants further exploration in the immune-low group of UPS. Finally translocation-related sarcomas are heterogeneous, and although synovial sarcomas a poorly infiltrated and have a poor response rate to ICI, ASPS largely benefit from ICB monotherapy or its association with antiangiogenics agents. Targeting specific neoantigens through vaccine or adoptive cellular therapies is probably the most promising approach in synovial sarcomas.

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Section: Improving Immunotherapy Efficacy: Beyond Immune Checkpoint Inhibitorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improving Immunotherapy Efficacy in Soft-Tissue Sarcomas: A Biomarker Driven and Histotype Tailored Review

et al. 2021

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“…This kind of therapeutic approach is what we know as a cancer vaccine. 70 Arbelaez et al developed long synthetic peptides (SLPs) against neoepitopes of G12C, G12V, and G12D KRAS-mutant variants. They also conjugated cationic lipoplexes to every SLP to facilitate the delivery of these peptides to secondary lymph organs, eliciting activation of CD4+ T-cells but of CD8+ T-cells as well.…”

Section: Krasmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Using genetic engineering techniques like CRIPS/Cas and TALEN, 74 the endogenous TCR can be silenced, and then, transduction of a new laboratory-designed TCR construct can be done for another expression on T-cells and induction of a specific response against cells presenting certain HLA-epitope complexes derived from KRAS-mutant variants. 75 …”

Section: Krasmentioning

confidence: 99%

KRAS and MET in non-small-cell lung cancer: two of the new kids on the ‘drivers’ block

García-Robledo

Rosell

Ruíz-Patiño

et al. 2022

Ther Adv Respir Dis

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Non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a heterogeneous disease, and therapeutic management has advanced to identify various critical oncogenic mutations that promote lung cancer tumorigenesis. Subsequent studies have developed targeted therapies against these oncogenes in the hope of personalized treatment based on the tumor’s molecular genomics. This review presents a comprehensive review of the biology, new therapeutic interventions, and resistance patterns of two well-defined subgroups, tumors with KRAS and MET alterations. We also discuss the status of molecular testing practices for these two key oncogenic drivers, considering the progressive introduction of next-generation sequencing (NGS) and RNA sequencing in regular clinical practice.

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“…Indeed, Exosomes are cell-free mediators of the immune system which act for intercellular connection. The administration of allogeneic exosome cancer vaccines would lead to a roadmap toward personalized immunology therapies [29,30]. Some other studies demonstrated the therapeutic potentials of autologous heat shock protein (HSP) for cancer vaccines.…”

Section: Cancer Vaccinementioning

confidence: 99%

Personalized Immunology in Cancer: Paving the Way Towards a Better Quality of Life

Esmaeilzadeh

Khosh²

2021

Multidiscip Cancer Investig

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Cancer Vaccines: Research and Applications

Cited by 23 publications

References 36 publications

Improving Immunotherapy Efficacy in Soft-Tissue Sarcomas: A Biomarker Driven and Histotype Tailored Review

Improving Immunotherapy Efficacy in Soft-Tissue Sarcomas: A Biomarker Driven and Histotype Tailored Review

KRAS and MET in non-small-cell lung cancer: two of the new kids on the ‘drivers’ block

Personalized Immunology in Cancer: Paving the Way Towards a Better Quality of Life

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