Cancer: We Should Not Forget The Past

Lonardo, Anna Di; Nasi, Sergio; Pulciani, Simonetta

doi:10.7150/jca.10336

Cited by 41 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 54 publications

(96 reference statements)

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“…The concept of margin in oncologic surgery is almost six centuries younger than the word "cancer", which was coined by Hippocrates in view of the appearance of blood vessels surrounding a tumor and resembling the claws of a crab [3,4]. Thereafter, cancer was considered mostly as a "humoral disease", which was consequently deemed as non-curable through simple surgical excision.…”

Section: Historical Background: the Concept Of "Margin"mentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel Approaches in Surgical Management: How to Assess Surgical Margins

Ferrari

Montalto

Nicolai

2021

Critical Issues in Head and Neck Oncology

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The concept of surgical margins was born a long time ago but still lacks a univocal and sound understanding. The current biological rationale behind the recommendations on margins management relies on two pillars: (1) the observation that groups of cancer cells can leave the macroscopic tumor and disseminate throughout adjacent tissues with different degrees of aggressiveness; (2) the belief that removal of all (or most of) cancer cells can cure the patient. However, this background is undermined by some pieces of evidence. For instance, it has been proven that tissues surrounding cancer often bear precancerous traits, which means that cutting through non-cancerous tissues does not equate to cut through healthy tissues. The head and neck exquisitely poses a number of challenges in the achievement of negative margins, with special reference to anatomical complexity, high density in relevant structures, and unique histological heterogeneity of cancers. Currently, intraoperative margins evaluation relies on surgeons’ sight, palpation, ability to map tumor extension on imaging, and knowledge of anatomy, with some optical imaging technologies aiding the delineation of the mucosal margins of excision. Frozen sections are currently used to intraoperatively evaluate margins, yet with debate on whether and how this practice should be performed. Future perspectives on improvement of margins control are threefold: research is oriented towards refinements of understanding of cancers local progression, implementation of technologies to intraoperatively render tumor extension, and employment of optical imaging modalities capable of detecting foci of residual tumor in the surgical bed.

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Section: Historical Background: the Concept Of "Margin"mentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel Approaches in Surgical Management: How to Assess Surgical Margins

Ferrari

Montalto

Nicolai

2021

Critical Issues in Head and Neck Oncology

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“…The association between inflammation and cancer is widely recognized. In 1863, Rudolf Virchow (3,4) reported that some tumors were infiltrated by inflammatory cells, leading to the hypothesis that inflammation is associated with cancer. In 2012, the International Agency for Research on Cancer established that infection with some pathogens, including Helicobacter pylori, human papillomavirus (VPH) variant 16, and Schistosoma haematobium, is associated with cancer.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contribution of Angiogenesis to Inflammation and Cancer

et al. 2019

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During carcinogenesis, advanced tumors are surrounded by both stromal and immune cells, which support tumor development. In addition, inflammation and angiogenesis are processes that play important roles in the development of cancer, from the initiation of carcinogenesis, tumor in situ and advanced stages of cancer. During acute inflammation, vascular hyperpermeability allows inflammatory mediators and immune response cells, including leukocytes and monocytes/macrophages, to infiltrate the site of damage. As a factor that regulates vascular permeability, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) also plays a vital role as a multifunctional molecule and growth factor. Furthermore, stromal and immune cells secrete soluble factors that activate endothelial cells and favor their transmigration to eliminate the aggressive agent. In this review, we present a comprehensive view of both the relationship between chronic inflammation and angiogenesis during carcinogenesis and the participation of endothelial cells in the inflammatory process. In addition, the regulatory mechanisms that contribute to the endothelium returning to its basal permeability state after acute inflammation are discussed. Moreover, the manner in which immune cells participate in pathological angiogenesis release pro-angiogenic factors that contribute to early tumor vascularization, even before the angiogenic switch occurs, is also examined. Also, we discuss the role of hypoxia as a mechanism that drives the acquisition of tumor hallmarks that make certain cancers more aggressive. Finally, some combinations of therapies that inhibit the angiogenesis process and that may be a successful strategy for cancer patients are indicated.

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“…Cancers can also arise in other organs with poor regenerative capacity due to faciliatory changes in tumorigenic- or tumor suppressor-pathways 27 . The possibility that they may also do so either by subverting dormant regenerative pathways in terminally differentiated cells or by inducing stem cell proliferation 12 , remains to be tested.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regeneration linked miRNA modify tumor phenotype and can enforce multi-lineage growth arrest in vivo

Salehi

Tavabie

Villanueva

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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Regulated cell proliferation is an effector mechanism of regeneration, whilst dysregulated cell proliferation is a feature of cancer. We have previously identified microRNA (miRNA) that regulate successful and failed human liver regeneration. We hypothesized that these regulators may directly modify tumor behavior. Here we show that inhibition of miRNAs -503 and -23a, alone or in combination, enhances tumor proliferation in hepatocyte and non-hepatocyte derived cancers in vitro, driving more aggressive tumor behavior in vivo. Inhibition of miRNA-152 caused induction of DNMT1, site-specific methylation with associated changes in gene expression and in vitro and in vivo growth inhibition. Enforced changes in expression of two miRNA recapitulating changes observed in failed regeneration led to complete growth inhibition of multi-lineage cancers in vivo. Our results indicate that regulation of regeneration and tumor aggressiveness are concordant and that miRNA-based inhibitors of regeneration may constitute a novel treatment strategy for human cancers.

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Cancer: We Should Not Forget The Past

Cited by 41 publications

References 54 publications

Novel Approaches in Surgical Management: How to Assess Surgical Margins

Novel Approaches in Surgical Management: How to Assess Surgical Margins

Contribution of Angiogenesis to Inflammation and Cancer

Regeneration linked miRNA modify tumor phenotype and can enforce multi-lineage growth arrest in vivo

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