Cancers in Australia in 2010 attributable to tobacco smoke

Abstract

ObjectivesTo estimate the population attributable fraction (PAF) and numbers of cancers occurring in Australia in 2010 attributable to tobacco smoking, both personal and by a partner.MethodsWe used a modified Peto-Lopez approach to calculate the difference between the number of lung cancer cases observed and the number expected assuming the entire population developed lung cancer at the same rate as never smokers. For cancers other than lung, we applied the standard PAF formula using relative risks from a large cohort and derived notional smoking prevalence. To estimate the PAF for partners' smoking, we used the standard formula incorporating the proportion of non-smoking Australians living with an ever-smoking partner and relative risks associated with partner smoking.ResultsAn estimated 15,525 (13%) cancers in Australia in 2010 were attributable to tobacco smoke, including 8,324 (81%) lung, 1,973 (59%) oral cavity and pharynx, 855 (60%) oesophagus and 951 (6%) colorectal cancers. Of these, 136 lung cancers in non-smokers were attributable to partner tobacco smoke.ConclusionsMore than one in eight cancers in Australia is attributable to tobacco smoking and would be avoided if nobody smoked.ImplicationsStrategies to reduce the prevalence of smoking remain a high priority for cancer control.

Cancers in Australia in 2010 attributable to modifiable factors: summary and conclusions

“…Table summarises the PAF estimates for 26 cancer sites, and for all cancers collectively (excluding BCC and SCC of the skin), for each of the 13 factors appraised. Detailed reports including numbers of cases of cancer attributed to these factors and sensitivity analyses have been reported in companion articles 3–14 . In total, we found that 32% of all cancers (approximately 37,000 cases) diagnosed in Australia in 2010 (excluding BCC and SCC of the skin) could be attributed to the 13 factors (33% in men and 31% in women).…”

“…Detailed reports including numbers of cases of cancer attributed to these factors and sensitivity analyses have been reported in companion articles. [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14] In total, we found that 32% of all cancers (approximately 37,000 cases) diagnosed in Australia in 2010 (excluding BCC and SCC of the skin) could be attributed to the 13 factors (33% in men and 31% in women). Overall, tobacco smoke (PAF all cancers: 13.4%) was the leading Cancers in Australia in 2010 Summary and conclusion © 2015 The Authors cause of cancer in 2010, followed by solar radiation (6.2%), inadequate diet (6.1%) and overweight and obesity (3.4%), see Figure 1.…”

“…Overall, tobacco smoke (PAF all cancers: 13.4%) was the leading cause of cancer in 2010, followed by solar radiation (6.2%), inadequate diet (6.1%) and overweight and obesity (3.4%), see Figure . The factors conferring the highest PAFs differed by sex: for men the highest proportions of cancer were attributable to tobacco smoke 12 (15.8%), solar radiation 10 (7.1%) and alcohol consumption 13 (3.0%); while for women tobacco smoke 12 (10.1%), solar radiation 10 (5.0%) and overweight and obesity 7 (4.5%) were the leading causes.…”

Cancers in Australia in 2010 attributable to modifiable factors: introduction and overview

“…For all causal factors considered in this project except infection, 8 smoking 9 and ultraviolet radiation (UVR), 10 this formula provides a suitable method for estimating the population attributable fraction. The calculation makes the following assumptions.…”

Epidemiologic studies of cancers of the skin

“…In the UK, it was estimated that, in total, 23% of the total cancer burden in men and 15% of the total burden of cancer in women was attributable to smoking [261]. In Australia an estimated 16% of all cancer cases in men and 10% of cancers in women (excluding BCC and cSCC of the skin) were attributable to tobacco smoking in 2010 [262].…”