Candida albicans Corneal Ulcer Associated With Crack Cocaine

Zagelbaum, Bruce M.; Tannenbaum, Mark H.; Hersh, Peter S.

doi:10.1016/s0002-9394(14)72273-1

Cited by 25 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…The resultant corneal anesthesia may lead to neurotrophic keratopathy and secondary infectious keratitis. 15,16 In 1988, Newman et al 2 described a patient with bilateral optic neuropathy and osteolytic sinusitis associated with intranasal cocaine abuse. The authors postulated that the optic nerve involvement was due to the extensive ischemic necrosis of the mucosal and bony structures in close proximity to the optic nerves.…”

Section: Commentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nasolacrimal Duct Obstruction and Orbital Cellulitis Associated With Chronic Intranasal Cocaine Abuse

et al. 1999

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To report the association of acquired nasolacrimal duct obstruction and orbital cellulitis in patients with a history of chronic intranasal cocaine abuse. Methods: Retrospective, consecutive case series. Results of imaging, histopathologic examinations, and clinical courses of these patients were studied. Results: Five women and 2 men (mean age, 41 years) with a history of chronic intranasal cocaine abuse (mean, 11 years; range, 5-20 years) presented with epiphora and in some cases acute onset of periorbital pain, edema, and erythema associated with fever. The suspicion of intranasal cocaine abuse was made on anterior rhinoscopy with the detection of an absent nasal septum and inferior turbinate. Computed tomographic and magnetic resonance imaging findings in 4 patients included extensive bony destruction of the normal orbital wall architec

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Section: Commentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nasolacrimal Duct Obstruction and Orbital Cellulitis Associated With Chronic Intranasal Cocaine Abuse

et al. 1999

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“…Dates of publication of the studies that fulfilled the inclusion criteria ranged from 1990 to 2016. Thirty individual cases were identified from the 11 articles [9,10,[14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22] and included in the systematic review (see Table 1 and Figure 1).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The range for reported days with active symptoms prior to presentation for medical assistance was between 2 and 35 days with an average and median of 14 days [9,10,[14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21]. Fourteen cases were immediately hospitalised for treatment after presentation and six received surgical intervention [9,10,[14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21].…”

Section: Case Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The most commonly reported symptoms in the affected eye were: pain/discomfort/burning (11/17; 64.7%) [9,10,16,[18][19][20][21]; photophobia (6/17; 35.3%) [9,15,16,18,20]; hyperemia/injection/redness (10/17; 58.9%) [9,10,[14][15][16][17]19,20,22]; decreased vision (4/17, 23.6%) [9,16,22]; mucous, purulent and mucopurulent discharge (7/17; 41.2.%) [9,10,14,16,17,20,21] and blurred vision (3/17; 17.6%) [16,17,21].…”

Section: Symptomsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Smoke Gets in the Eye: A systematic review of case reports of ocular complications of crack cocaine use

Gohil

Miskovic

Buxton

et al. 2021

Drug and Alcohol Review

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Issues. Use of crack cocaine and associated medical complications persists globally. Some reports in medical literature describe a sight-threatening condition commonly referred to as 'crack eye' or 'crack eye syndrome'. The purpose of this review is to describe what is known about crack eye from case reports in peer-reviewed literature. Approach. A structured search was completed in MEDLINE, TOXLINE, EMBASE, PsychInfo, Scopus and Biomed Central, to collect case reports and case series on corneal complications attributed to crack cocaine smoking. Key Findings. Of 111 articles screened, 11 contained case reports or series. Thirty individual cases of 'crack eye' were reported. The majority (63%) of cases had bilateral involvement; 83% of all cases with microbial culture results had corneal infections. Aggressive treatment caused an improvement in 95% of all cases and 23% of all cases were lost to follow up. Of those who received treatment for corneal complications associated with crack cocaine, 22% remained with significant visual impairment (hand motions only) in the affected eye. Implications. Clinicians should consider crack cocaine involvement in patients presenting with corneal disease without known predisposing factors, and elicit comprehensive drug histories to prevent a reduction in visual acuity. Conclusion. Corneal complications of crack cocaine smoking are caused by a number of synergistic factors, including direct toxicity of crack cocaine vapours to surface cells, impairment of neurogenic support to corneal epithelial integrity, desiccation of the eye surface due to diminished blinking reflex, low level chemical burns and mechanical denudement of surface cells through eye rubbing.

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“…Apart from the medical complications, ocular complications of cocaine abuse include, keratopathy,[2] central retinal artery occlusion,[3] central retinal vein occlusion,[4] retinal hemorrhages,[5] papillitis,[6] and orbital infarction. [7] Cocaine has a complex pharmacological mode of action.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%