Candida and candidiasis in HIV-infected patients

Cassone, Antonio; Cauda, Roberto

doi:10.1097/qad.0b013e3283536ba8

Cited by 141 publications

(71 citation statements)

References 133 publications

(157 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Previously, we reported salivary microbial changes in HIV-infected patients (16). Others have observed positive correlations between HIV infection and increased oral Candida colonization (6,(17)(18)(19). It has also been suggested that impairment of systemic defense mechanisms by reduction of CD4 ϩ T cells below protective levels and impairment of local immunity by reduction of levels of salivary IgA, defensins, or epithelial cell-mediated cytokines in the saliva might lead to the conversion of commensal Candida to microorganisms with increased pathogenicity, causing an imbalance in the host oral microbial composition and hence increased risk for opportunistic infections (20,21).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

HIV Infection and Microbial Diversity in Saliva

et al. 2014

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

f Limited information is available about the effects of HIV and subsequent antiretroviral treatment on host-microbe interactions. This study aimed to determine the salivary microbial composition for 10 HIV-seropositive subjects, before and 6 months after highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), compared with that for 10 HIV-seronegative subjects. A conventional culture and two culture-independent analyses were used and consistently demonstrated differences in microbial composition among the three sets of samples. HIV-positive subjects had higher levels of total cultivable microbes, including oral streptococci, lactobacilli, Streptococcus mutans, and Candida, in saliva than did HIV-negative subjects. The total cultivable microbial levels were significantly correlated with CD4 ؉ T cell counts. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE), which compared the overall microbial profiles, showed distinct fingerprinting profiles for each group. The human oral microbe identification microarray (HOMIM) assay, which compared the 16S rRNA genes, showed clear separation among the three sample groups. Veillonella, Synergistetes, and Streptococcus were present in all 30 saliva samples. Only minor changes or no changes in the prevalence of Neisseria, Haemophilus, Gemella, Leptotrichia, Solobacterium, Parvimonas, and Rothia were observed. Seven genera, Capnocytophaga, Slackia, Porphyromonas, Kingella, Peptostreptococcaceae, Lactobacillus, and Atopobium, were detected only in HIVnegative samples. The prevalences of Fusobacterium, Campylobacter, Prevotella, Capnocytophaga, Selenomonas, Actinomyces, Granulicatella, and Atopobium were increased after HAART. In contrast, the prevalence of Aggregatibacter was significantly decreased after HAART. The findings of this study suggest that HIV infection and HAART can have significant effects on salivary microbial colonization and composition.

show abstract

mentioning

confidence: 99%

HIV Infection and Microbial Diversity in Saliva

et al. 2014

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…are ubiquitous fungal organisms that colonize the skin and mucosal surface of healthy individuals (1). Immunosuppression caused by cancer chemotherapy, organ transplant, long-term broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy, use of catheters and other invasive medical devices, and admission into intensive care units (ICU) are the main causes promoting candidemia and even death (2)(3)(4)(5).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

An Immunomodulatory Peptide Confers Protection in an Experimental Candidemia Murine Model

Freitas

Lima

Freire

et al. 2017

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Fungal Candida species are commensals present in the mammalian skin and mucous membranes. Candida spp. are capable of breaching the epithelial barrier of immunocompromised patients with neutrophil and cell-mediated immune dysfunctions and can also disseminate to multiple organs through the bloodstream. Here we examined the action of innate defense regulator 1018 (IDR-1018), a 12-amino-acid-residue peptide derived from bovine bactenecin (Bac2A): IDR-1018 showed weak antifungal and antibiofilm activity against a Candida albicans laboratory strain (ATCC 10231) and a clinical isolate (CI) (MICs of 32 and 64 g · ml Ϫ1 , respectively), while 8-fold lower concentrations led to dissolution of the fungal cells from preformed biofilms. IDR-1018 at 128 g · ml Ϫ1 was not hemolytic when tested against murine red blood cells and also has not shown a cytotoxic effect on murine monocyte RAW 264.7 and primary murine macrophage cells at the tested concentrations. IDR-1018 modulated the cytokine profile during challenge of murine bone marrow-derived macrophages with heatkilled C. albicans (HKCA) antigens by increasing monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) levels, while suppressing tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-␣), IL-1␤, IL-6, and IL-12 levels. Mice treated with IDR-1018 at 10 mg · kg Ϫ1 of body weight had an increased survival rate in the candidemia model compared with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS)-treated mice, together with a diminished kidney fungal burden. Thus, IDR-1018 was able to protect against murine experimental candidemia and has the potential as an adjunctive therapy.

show abstract

“…C. albicans exists as a harmless commensal in the gastrointestinal tract and is also commonly isolated from the skin and oral cavity of healthy individuals [1]. However, it can transition to an infectious colonizer of virtually any organ in the body, particularly in immunocompromised patients.…”

Section: The White-opaque Switch Governs Multiple Aspects Of C Albicmentioning

confidence: 99%

Candida albicans the chameleon: transitions and interactions between multiple phenotypic states confer phenotypic plasticity

Scaduto

Bennett

2015

Current Opinion in Microbiology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The ability of microbial cells to exist in multiple states is a ubiquitous property that promotes adaptation and survival. This phenomenon has been extensively studied in the opportunistic pathogen Candida albicans, which can transition between multiple phenotypic states in response to environmental signals. C. albicans normally exists as a commensal in the human body, but can also cause debilitating mucosal infections or life-threatening systemic infections. The ability to switch between cellular forms contributes to C. albicans’ capacity to infect different host niches, and strictly regulates the program of sexual mating. We review the unique properties associated with different phenotypic states, as well as how interactions between cells in different states can further augment microbial behavior.

show abstract

Candida and candidiasis in HIV-infected patients

Cited by 141 publications

References 133 publications

HIV Infection and Microbial Diversity in Saliva

HIV Infection and Microbial Diversity in Saliva

An Immunomodulatory Peptide Confers Protection in an Experimental Candidemia Murine Model

Candida albicans the chameleon: transitions and interactions between multiple phenotypic states confer phenotypic plasticity

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About