Candida colonisation as a source for candidaemia

Miranda, L.N.; Heijden, Inneke M. van der; Costa, Sílvia Figueiredo; Sousa, Alda; Sienra, R.; Gobara, S.; Santos, C.R.; Lobo, R.; Pessoa, Vicente Porfírio; Levin, Anna S.

doi:10.1016/j.jhin.2009.02.009

Cited by 217 publications

(159 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…Although the host immune system develops tolerance to colonization with commensal fungi, it must contain the spread, and, in particular, invasion, of fungi (10). The human intestine can serve as a source of systemic fungal products or fungal infection when the gut barrier is disrupted (11). Patients with cirrhosis frequently either are exposed to fungal products (12) or develop fungal infections, with high mortality (13)(14)(15).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intestinal fungi contribute to development of alcoholic liver disease

Yang¹,

Inamine²,

Hochrath³

et al. 2017

Journal of Clinical Investigation

386

361

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intestinal fungi contribute to development of alcoholic liver disease

Yang¹,

Inamine²,

Hochrath³

et al. 2017

Journal of Clinical Investigation

386

361

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“…C. albicans is capable of causing several different types of diseases, including gastrointestinal candidiasis, yeast infections, thrush, skin infections, and systemic infections (4,10). Systemic infections are thought to be caused by endogenous C. albicans escaping the GI tract and circulating via the bloodstream to infect deep tissues such as the lungs, kidney, and liver (11)(12)(13)(14).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Normal Adaptation of Candida albicans to the Murine Gastrointestinal Tract Requires Efg1p-Dependent Regulation of Metabolic and Host Defense Genes

et al. 2013

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cAlthough gastrointestinal colonization by the opportunistic fungal pathogen Candida albicans is generally benign, severe systemic infections are thought to arise due to escape of commensal C. albicans from the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. The C. albicans transcription factor Efg1p is a major regulator of GI colonization, hyphal morphogenesis, and virulence. The goals of this study were to identify the Efg1p regulon during GI tract colonization and to compare C. albicans gene expression during colonization of different organs of the GI tract. Our results identified significant differences in gene expression between cells colonizing the cecum and ileum. During colonization, efg1؊ null mutant cells expressed higher levels of genes involved in lipid catabolism, carnitine biosynthesis, and carnitine utilization than did colonizing wild-type (WT) cells. In addition, during laboratory growth, efg1؊ null mutant cells grew to a higher density than WT cells. The efg1 ؊ null mutant grew in depleted medium, while WT cells could grow only if the depleted medium was supplemented with carnitine, a compound that promotes the metabolism of fatty acids. Altered gene expression and altered growth capability support the ability of efg1 ؊ cells to hypercolonize naïve mice. Also, Efg1p was shown to be important for transcriptional responses to the stresses present in the cecum environment. For example, during colonization, SOD5, encoding a superoxide dismutase, was highly upregulated in an Efg1p-dependent manner. Ectopic expression of SOD5 in an efg1 ؊ null mutant increased the fitness of the efg1 ؊ null mutant cells during colonization. These data show that EFG1 is an important regulator of GI colonization.

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“…Based on the molecular identification of Candida genotypes, it is known that the source of C. albicans CBSI is the gastro-intestinal tract (GIT), and of nonalbicans species causing CBSI are probably contaminated catheters [23]. Indirectly, the treatment with broad-spectrum antibiotics that influences Candida-colonization of GIT, followed by a translocation of the fungi into the blood, could be a riskfactor for candidemia [3].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surveillance and characterization of Candida bloodstream infections in a Serbian tertiary care hospital

Stojanović

Stojanović-Radić

et al. 2016

J Infect Dev Ctries

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Introduction: Candida spp. frequently cause hospital-acquired bloodstream infections (BSI) with a high mortality rate (up to 70%). We analyzed the frequency, infection characteristics, potential predisposing factors, susceptibility to antifungal drugs, biofilm production and other virulence characteristics of Candida spp. isolates obtained from a tertiary care hospital in Niš, Serbia, during a one year period. Methods: Medical histories, characteristics of isolated strains and drug susceptibility, as well as the effect on the function of isolated macrophages and other virulence features were evaluated. The obtained results were subjected to student's t-test and multivariate statistical analyzes. Results: Herein we report an annual incidence of 3.65 cases of C. albicans, C. lusitaniae and C. lipolytica infections per 10 5 population. Out of eight isolated strains, two (25%) were shown to be strong biofilm producers, one (12.5%) caused hemolysis on blood agar and in two (25%) cases macrophages were able to completely eliminate the yeast colonies. Chronic kidney disease, diabetes, malignant and other diseases were present in 37.5, 62.5, 50 and 75%, respectively, in the study group. All patients with Candida BSI received antifungal therapy (amphotericin B), however, hospital mortality was observed in 25% of patients. Conclusions: Evaluation of local Candida epidemiology, antifungal susceptibility and virulence factors, as well as personalized patient risk factors are important for the surveillance of Candida BSI, especially in intensive care unit patients and may contribute to the improved options and outcome for patients with Candida BSI.

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Candida colonisation as a source for candidaemia

Cited by 217 publications

References 49 publications

Intestinal fungi contribute to development of alcoholic liver disease

Intestinal fungi contribute to development of alcoholic liver disease

Normal Adaptation of Candida albicans to the Murine Gastrointestinal Tract Requires Efg1p-Dependent Regulation of Metabolic and Host Defense Genes

Surveillance and characterization of Candida bloodstream infections in a Serbian tertiary care hospital

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