Candida in oral leukoplakias A histologic and exfoliative cytologic study

313

245

Candida species are the most common fungal pathogens isolated from the oral cavity. Their oral existence both as a commensal and an opportunist pathogen has intrigued clinicians and scientists for many decades, and recent investigations have revealed many attributes of this fungus contributing to its pathogenicity. In addition, the advent of the human immunodeficiency virus infection and AIDS has resulted in a resurgence of oral Candida infections. Clinicians are witnessing not only classic forms of the diseases but also newer clinical variants such as erythematous candidosis, rarely described hithertofore. Therefore, this review is an attempt at detailing the current knowledge on Candida and oral candidoses together with the newer therapeutic regimes employed in treating these mycoses.

Section: The Possible Role Of Candida In Oral Carcinogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Candida and Oral Candidosis: A Review

Scully

Elkabir

Samaranayake

1994

313

245

“…Smoking and alcohol exposure are not invariable-e.g., they were not seen in half the cases of the Danish study )-so other factors should be considered. One factor may be Candida albicans, since this has been associated with malignant development in some leukoplakias (lepsen and Winther, 1965;Renstrup, 1970;Roed-Petersen et al, 1970;Cawson and Binnie, 1977), and such yeasts have been identified in OLP (Holmstrup and Dabelsteen, 1974;Simon and Hornstein, 1980;Krogh et al, 1987a,b).…”

Section: Candidosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Update On Oral Lichen Planus: Etiopathogenesis and Management

Scully

Beyli²,

Ferreiro

et al. 1998

475

461

Lichen planus (LP) is a relatively common disorder of the stratified squamous epithelia, which is, in many ways, an enigma. This paper is the consensus outcome of a workshop held in Switzerland in 1995, involving a selection of clinicians and scientists with an interest in the condition and its management. The oral (OLP) eruptions usually have a distinct clinical morphology and characteristic distribution, but OLP may also present a confusing array of patterns and forms, and other disorders may clinically simulate OLP. Lesions may affect other mucosae and/or skin. Lichen planus is probably of multifactorial origin, sometimes induced by drugs or dental materials, often idiopathic, and with an immunopathogenesis involving T-cells in particular. The etiopathogenesis appears to be complex, with interactions between and among genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors, but much has now been clarified about the mechanisms involved, and interesting new associations, such as with liver disease, have emerged. The management of lichen planus is still not totally satisfactory, and there is as yet no definitive treatment, but there have been advances in the control of the condition. There is no curative treatment available; immunomodulation, however, can control the condition. Based on the observed increased risk of malignant development, OLP patients should be offered regular follow-up examination from two to four times annually and asked to report any changes in their lesions and/or symptoms. Follow-up may be particularly important in patients with atrophic/ulcerative/erosive affections of the tongue, the gingiva, or the buccal mucosa. Much more research is required into the genetic and environmental aspects of lichen planus, into the premalignant potential, and into the possible associations with chronic liver, and other, disorders. More clinical studies are required into the possible efficacy of immunomodulatory drugs such as pentoxifylline and thalidomide.

“…Jepsen and Winther (1965) isolated C. albicans alone in 91% of speckled leukoplakias. Roed-Petersen et al (1970) succeeded in culturing C.…”

Section: (62) Identification Of Candida Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…According to several reports, the leukoplakias that harbor candidal hyphae appear to constitute from 7 to 50% of all leukoplakias (Jepsen and Winther, 1965;Roed-Petersen et al, 1970;Daftary et al, 1972;Roed-Petersen and Pindborg, 1973;Bánóczy, 1982;Krogh et al, 1987b). Lehner (1971) has suggested that differential counts of pyroninophilic monocytes be carried out to distinguish between candidal and non-candidal leukoplakias.…”

Section: (12) Epidemiological and Demographic Aspects Of Chc: Incidementioning

confidence: 99%

Chronic Hyperplastic Candidosis/Candidiasis (Candidal Leukoplakia)

Sitheeque

Samaranayake

2003

216

173

Chronic hyperplastic candidosis/candidiasis (CHC; syn. candidal leukoplakia) is a variant of oral candidosis that typically presents as a white patch on the commissures of the oral mucosa. The major etiologic agent of the disease is the oral fungal pathogen Candida predominantly belonging to Candida albicans, although other systemic co-factors, such as vitamin deficiency and generalized immune suppression, may play a contributory role. Clinically, the lesions are symptomless and regress after appropriate antifungal therapy and correction of underlying nutritional or other deficiencies. If the lesions are untreated, a minor proportion may demonstrate dysplasia and develop into carcinomas. This review outlines the demographic features, etiopathogenesis, immunological features, histopathology, and the role of Candida in the disease process. In the final part of the review, newer molecular biological aspects of the disease are considered together with the management protocols that are currently available, and directions for future research.