Candida Infections in Solid Organ Transplantation

Barros, Nicolas; Mansour, Michael K.

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-25869-6_43

Cited by 3 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 149 publications

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“…This may help to limit the spread of the infection and promote the clearance of infected cells. In solid organ transplant patients, the immune response to C. albicans infection can be further complicated by immunosuppressive drugs, impairing the host's ability to control the infection [22][23][24]. In these patients, necroptosis and apoptosis have been shown to contribute to the development of transplant-related morbidity and mortality and the development of allograft rejection [66][67][68][69][70].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Consensus Gene Network Analysis Identifies the Key Similarities and Differences in Endothelial and Epithelial Cell Dynamics after Candida albicans Infection

Naik

Mohammed

2023

IJMS

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Endothelial and epithelial cells are morphologically different and play a critical role in host defense during Candida albicans infection. Both cells respond to C. albicans infection by activating various signaling pathways and gene expression patterns. Their interactions with these pathogens can have beneficial and detrimental effects, and a better understanding of these interactions can help guide the development of new therapies for C. albicans infection. To identify the differences and similarities between human endothelial and oral epithelial cell transcriptomics during C. albicans infection, we performed consensus WGCNA on 32 RNA-seq samples by relating the consensus modules to endothelial-specific modules and analyzing the genes connected. This analysis resulted in the identification of 14 distinct modules. We demonstrated that the magenta module correlates significantly with C. albicans infection in each dataset. In addition, we found that the blue and cyan modules in the two datasets had opposite correlation coefficients with a C. albicans infection. However, the correlation coefficients and p-values between the two datasets were slightly different. Functional analyses of the hub of genes from endothelial cells elucidated the enrichment in TNF, AGE-RAGE, MAPK, and NF-κB signaling. On the other hand, glycolysis, pyruvate metabolism, amino acid, fructose, mannose, and vitamin B6 metabolism were enriched in epithelial cells. However, mitophagy, necroptosis, apoptotic processes, and hypoxia were enriched in both endothelial and epithelial cells. Protein–protein interaction analysis using STRING and CytoHubba revealed STAT3, SNRPE, BIRC2, and NFKB2 as endothelial hub genes, while RRS1, SURF6, HK2, and LDHA genes were identified in epithelial cells. Understanding these similarities and differences may provide new insights into the pathogenesis of C. albicans infections and the development of new therapeutic targets and interventional strategies.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Solid organ transplant (SOT) patients are at increased risk of developing C. albicans infections as these patients often have weakened immune systems because of the use of immunosuppressive drugs, use of antibiotics, and comorbidities [22][23][24]. Therefore, endothelial and epithelial cells are important for controlling these infections.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Consensus Gene Network Analysis Identifies the Key Similarities and Differences in Endothelial and Epithelial Cell Dynamics after Candida albicans Infection

Naik

Mohammed

2023

IJMS

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“…Overall, invasive candidiasis remains associated with high rates of morbidity, mortality, and excess healthcare costs [ 24 ]. Mortality at 12 weeks after diagnosis ranges from 20 to 40% and appears to be particularly high for non- C. albicans infections [ 24 , 25 ].…”

Section: Overview Of the Epidemiology Of Ifis In Sot And Hsctmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In general, invasive candidiasis is the earliest complication of SOT [ 24 ]. With current antifungal prophylaxis strategies, the time to onset of invasive candidiasis ranges from 2 to 6 months [ 5 , 22 , 25 ]. In heart transplant recipients, invasive candidiasis occurs rapidly in the first 100 days after transplantation, possibly related to the frequent use of catheters in this setting [ 22 ].…”

Section: Timing Of Post-transplant Ifismentioning

confidence: 99%

The epidemiology of invasive fungal infections in transplant recipients

Elhaj Mahmoud,

Hérivaux,

Morio

et al. 2024

Biomedical Journal

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“…Current guidelines from the Infectious Diseases Community of Practice of the American Society of Transplantation (IDCOP/AST) recommends antifungal prophylaxis in patients with enteric drainage, postperfusion pancreatitis, and vascular thrombosis [ 11 ]. However, the use of antifungal medications, particularly the use of azoles, are not without risk as they can cause significant hepatotoxicity, may lead to important drug–drug interactions (particularly with calcineurin inhibitors), and can facilitate the emergence of azole-resistant Candida spp [ 12 ].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology and Risk Factors for Invasive Fungal Infections in Pancreas Transplant in the Absence of Postoperative Antifungal Prophylaxis

Zachary,

Chen,

Sharfuddin

et al. 2023

Open Forum Infectious Diseases

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Introduction Invasive fungal infections (IFI) remain a rare yet dreaded complication following pancreas transplantation. Current guidelines recommend antifungal prophylaxis in patients with 1 or more risk factors. At our center, single dose antifungal prophylaxis is administered in the operating room (OR) but none subsequently, regardless of risk factors. Here we evaluate the 1-year incidence, outcome and risk factors associated with IFI following pancreas transplantation. Methods A retrospective, single-center cohort study was conducted in patients who underwent pancreas transplantation between 01/01/2009, and 12/31/2019. Records were manually reviewed, and cases were adjudicated using consensus definitions. The 1-year cumulative incidence, mortality and risk factors were analyzed by Kaplan-Meier method and differences between populations were assessed with Fisher test and Mann-Whitney U test. Results 369 recipients were included. 12 IFIs were identified: candidiasis (8), aspergillosis (2), histoplasmosis (1) and cryptococcosis (1). Intrabdominal infections were the most common presentation (5), followed by bloodstream infections (3), disseminated disease (2), pulmonary disease (1) and invasive fungal sinusitis (1). Median time to IFI was 64 days [IQR: 30-234 days]. 1-year cumulative incidence was 3.25% (95% CI:1.86-5.65). There were no significant differences between patients with or without IFI regarding type of transplant (p=0.17), post-transplant dialysis (p=0.3), rejection (p=0.5), CMV serostatus (p=0.45) or reoperation (p=0.19). For patients with IFI, the 1-year graft and patient survival rates were 58% vs 95% (p<0.0001) and 75% vs 98.6% (p<0.001) respectively. Conclusion Our study suggests that the use of a single dose antifungal prophylaxis administered in the OR but none subsequently does not result in an increased incidence of IFI following pancreas transplantation.

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Candida Infections in Solid Organ Transplantation

Cited by 3 publications

References 149 publications

Consensus Gene Network Analysis Identifies the Key Similarities and Differences in Endothelial and Epithelial Cell Dynamics after Candida albicans Infection

Consensus Gene Network Analysis Identifies the Key Similarities and Differences in Endothelial and Epithelial Cell Dynamics after Candida albicans Infection

The epidemiology of invasive fungal infections in transplant recipients

Epidemiology and Risk Factors for Invasive Fungal Infections in Pancreas Transplant in the Absence of Postoperative Antifungal Prophylaxis

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