Candida onychomycosis: Indian scenario

Narain, Upma; Bajaj, Anubha

doi:10.18203/2349-3933.ijam20162509

Cited by 7 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Candida strains are known as the important pathological agents of yeast onychomycosis. Similar to other studies conducted in other regions of the world, our study confirmed that onychomycosis was the principal clinical presentation (56.9%) (30)(31)(32). Moreover, this form of infection has been found more often in female than male (33,34).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Molecular Analysis of Candida species with Emphasis on Predisposing Factors in Cutaneous Candidiasis Patients

Ghasemi

Hashemi

Rezaei

et al. 2016

Jundishapur J Microbiol

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Background: Candida species are known as the most common fungal pathogens isolated from clinical specimens that can develop complications ranging from cutaneous to systemic diseases. Objectives: The present study was conducted to evaluate the diversity and distribution of Candida species in various kinds of cutaneous candidiasis in Tehran, Iran. In addition, the critical effects of several predisposing factors on the induction and progression of the disease were considered. Methods: A total of 3000 samples were taken from March 2014 to 2015. The samples were examined using direct microscopy and culturing method. The polymorphism analysis was performed by using polymerase chain reaction -restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) technique. The internal spacer region (ITS) of the fungal rRNA genes was recruited for PCR amplification of target sequences and Msp1 enzyme was employed to digest PCR amplicons. Results: Out of 3000 samples, yeast was recovered in 290 (9.67%) cases. Onychomycosis was observed predominantly in 164 nail samples (56.5%). The majority of patients were within the age range of 51 -60 years (22.14%). Women working at home (housewives) showed the highest percentage of people at risk (n = 135, 46.5%). Among patients with underlying diseases, diabetic patients with 46 cases (14.2 %) had the highest susceptibility to candidiasis. Genotypic identification showed that Candida albicans is the most common species (n = 132, 45.5 %) recovered from clinical samples, followed by C. parapsilosis (n = 77, 26.5%), C. glabrata (n = 22, 7.5 %), C. krusei (n = 16, 5.5 %), C. tropicalis (n = 37, 12.7 %), and C. guilliermondii (n = 6, 2%). Conclusions:The results of the present study, compared to the previous studies, showed a significantly lower prevalence of cutaneous candidiasis. Among Candida species, C. albicans was still the most common infectious agent isolated from clinical samples. Shifting toward non-albicans Candida species was not confirmed in this study. In addition, our study revealed that there is a direct correlation between some predisposing factors including age of patients, and existence of some non-infectious diseases (e.g. metabolic disorder) and occurrence of Candida infection.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Molecular Analysis of Candida species with Emphasis on Predisposing Factors in Cutaneous Candidiasis Patients

Ghasemi

Hashemi

Rezaei

et al. 2016

Jundishapur J Microbiol

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“…In this study, the frequency of NCA species was higher (60.2%) than that of C. albicans (39.8%), indicating an increase in the frequency of NCA species in Iran. While the emergence of NCA species in various regions of the world is pointing towards a varied change in epidemiological behavior of the disease (30), these results in comparison with our previous reports, showed a shift from C. albicans as the predominant pathogen towards an increasing prevalence of the species C. parapsilosis (15). Similar to reports of Ghasemi et al (31) diabetic patients had the highest susceptibility to candidiasis (28.4%).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 62%

Cutaneous candidiasis in Tehran-Iran: from epidemiology to multilocus sequence types, virulence factors and antifungal susceptibility of etiologic Candida species

Sadeghi

Ebrahimi‐Rad

Shams-Ghahfarokhi

et al. 2019

IJM

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Background and Objectives: Cutaneous candidiasis is a multipicture fungal infection caused by members of the genus Candida which is considered as a public health problem all over the world with urgency of effective treatment and control. This study was performed to analyze the clinical epidemiology and molecular aspects of cutaneous candidiasis in Tehran-Iran in relation to antifungal susceptibility and virulence factors of etiologic Candida species. Materials and Methods: Candida species were isolated from skin (27.3%) and nail scrapings (72.7%) of suspected patients and identified by ITS sequencing. Phylogeny of the isolates was evaluated using multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and antifungal susceptibility and virulence factors of the isolates were determined in relation to clinical presentation. Results: Candida albicans was the most prevalent species (39.8%), followed by C. parapsilosis (32.9%), C. orthopsilosis (10.4%), C. tropicalis (7.9%), C. glabrata and C. guilliermondii, each (4.5%). Molecular typing of 35 C. albicans isolates by MLST revealed 28 novel sequence types with 11 singletons with 80.0% new diploid sequence types (DSTs). Majority of the isolates were susceptible to amphotericin B (91.5%), followed by posaconazole (90.3%), fluconazole (84.3%), itraconazole (74.1%), caspofungin (53.6%), and voriconazole (26.8%). Biofilm formation, yeast-to-hyphae transformation and phospho- lipase activity were reported species-dependent. Conclusion: Our results demonstrated clinical epidemiology of various Candida species from cutaneous candidiasis dis- tributed in new molecular types with increasing importance of drug resistant of non-albicans Candida species. Our results showed that drug susceptibility and genetic variability of Candida species may be attributed to their clinical features and source of isolation.

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“…The identification of bacteria and yeast were done by Vitek-2 (Biomeurix, France) while identification of individual fungi was based on standard methods such as microscopy, morphology, colonial characterization, pigment production, rate of growth and biochemical test. [5][6][7]…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Paronychia: incidence during Magh Mela

Narain¹,

Kant²,

Bajaj

2018

Int J Adv Med

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Background: Paronychia is one of the most common infections of the fingers and toes. Clinically, paronychia present as an acute or a chronic condition.Methods: The retrospective study was carried out from January 2018 to February 2018 at Allahabad. Gram stain, ZN stain, KOH examination and culture were carried out in 230 cases and species identification was done by Vitek-2 system.Results: Out of these 230 cases 142 (61.73%) presented acute paronychia, 58 (25.21%) cases of chronic paronychia and the remaining 30 cases (13.06%) did not show any growth. In the cases of acute paronychia, authors identified 53.52% Staphylococcus aures, 15.49% Staphylococcus saprophyticus, 2.82% Micrococci and 6.34% Citrobacter among aerobes while among anaerobes authors isolated 5.63% Peptococcus, 8.45% Peptostreptococcus, 3.52% Bacteroides and 4.23% Fusobacterium. Among chronic paronychia authors recorded 48.28% pure bacterial growth, 18.97% pure fungal growth, 20.69% mixed bacterial infections and 12.07% mixed bacterial and fungal infections.Conclusions: From this study authors conclude that cold weather and humidity were the predominant and predisposing factors of the high incidence of acute paronychia. Due to very short span single pathogen was isolated from the lesions. In cases of chronic paronychia 37.76% mixed infection were also recorded which may be due to super aided infections with primary pathogen.

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Candida onychomycosis: Indian scenario

Cited by 7 publications

References 24 publications

Molecular Analysis of Candida species with Emphasis on Predisposing Factors in Cutaneous Candidiasis Patients

Molecular Analysis of Candida species with Emphasis on Predisposing Factors in Cutaneous Candidiasis Patients

Cutaneous candidiasis in Tehran-Iran: from epidemiology to multilocus sequence types, virulence factors and antifungal susceptibility of etiologic Candida species

Paronychia: incidence during Magh Mela

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