Candidate adenoviruses 40 and 41: Fastidious adenoviruses from human infant stool

Abstract

About 200 antigenically related adenoviruses were isolated from cases of infantile diarrhoea in the Netherlands and North-West Germany. The viruses were fastidious and failed to replicate serially in human diploid fibroblasts and in primary human embryonic kidney cells. A number of strains were established in HeLa, HEp-2, Graham (293), cynomolgus monkey kidney, and Chang conjunctival cells. The viruses were mammalian adenoviruses by the usual criteria. No relationship to the 39 known human adenovirus species was found, either by neutralization tests or by haemagglutination inhibition tests. Neutralization tests showed two distinct variants, represented by strains Tak and Dugan. The variants were identical in haemagglutination inhibition tests. DNA restriction enzyme analysis showed Tak and Dugan to have considerably different genomes, indicating that these variants should be classified as different species (Wadell et al, 1983). It is proposed that the variants should be called Mastadenovirus h 40 (with reference strains Dugan and Hovi X) and Mastadenovirus h 41 (with reference strain Tak). Neutralization and haemagglutination inhibition tests demonstrated that the viruses from Glasgow and Helsinki (Hovi X) described by Johansson et al [1980] and by Kidd and Madeley [1981] belong to these two adenovirus species.

Molecular Epidemiology of Adenovirus Infection among Pediatric Population with Diarrhea in Asia

“…Early surveys showed that the prevalence of Ad40 and Ad41 remained approximately equal (11,17). However, the findings in the present study were in line with recent studies that reported a decrease in the rate of isolation of Ad40 and a concomitant increase of Ad41 to become the predominant serotype associated with acute gastroenteritis.…”

In vitro and in vivo asessment of adenovirus 41 as a vector for gene delivery to the intestine

“…These viruses (adenovirus strains 40 and 41) are known as the enteric adenoviruses, are responsible for 17% of all cases of infant diarrheas, 31 and have several characteristics which distinguish them from other human adenoviruses. The most notable of these is that, unlike other human adenoviruses, the fiber gene of these viruses contains two open reading frames (ORFs).…”

DNA Sequence of the Adenovirus Type 41 Hexon Gene and Predicted Structure of the Protein

“…Adenovirus types 40 and 41 can be distinguished from the other 39 human serotypes by serology, restriction enzyme cleavage analysis, polypeptide profiles and tissue culture growth characteristics Takiffet al, 1981 ;Uhnoo et al, 1983;Kidd, 1984). Although enteric adenoviruses are extremely difficult to propagate in conventional cell lines (de Jong et al, 1983) most strains can be successfully propagated in 293 cells which are human embryonic kidney cells transformed by Ad5 DNA (Graham et al, 1977).…”