Candidate appearance in campaign advertisements

Banda, Kevin K.; Windett, Jason Harold

doi:10.1016/j.electstud.2020.102275

Cited by 6 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…At the level of the campaign ad, we included the length of the ad and the average cost of campaign ads by media markets. Because candidates who run attack ads are likely to abstain from appearing in their own ads to avoid potential backlash, we include whether a candidate appeared in or narrated their ad as a control variable (Banda & Windett, 2021). Finally, we recorded the feminine and masculine issues that candidates referenced in their ads, and we include a dichotomous variable coded as 1 if a candidate mentioned a stereotypically feminine issue and a dichotomous variable coded as 1 if a candidate mentioned a stereotypically masculine issue.…”

Section: Additional Independent Variablesmentioning

confidence: 99%

How Women Attack: Candidate Reliance on Feminine and Masculine Traits in Campaign Negativity

Bauer

Hewitt

Labbe

2023

Communication Research

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We develop a framework to identify how women use negative messages in political campaigns. We argue that women will be more likely to use contrast negativity, messages that include a negative message against an opponent and a positive message about the candidate sponsoring the ad, rather than attack negativity, messages that only criticize an opponent. We also identify how feminine and masculine traits emerge in negativity—a strategy we call gendered trait negativity. We analyze gendered trait negativity in television ads from the Wesleyan Media Project (WMP) for House, Senate, and gubernatorial races from 2010 to 2018. Using logistic regression models, we find that women use contrast messages more than attack messages when running against a man. Second, we find that women are more likely to highlight feminine traits over masculine traits in negative messages when their opponent is a man relative to when their opponent is a woman.

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Section: Additional Independent Variablesmentioning

confidence: 99%

How Women Attack: Candidate Reliance on Feminine and Masculine Traits in Campaign Negativity

Bauer

Hewitt

Labbe

2023

Communication Research

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“…At the same time, dynamics of issue trespassing mean that Republican Latinas have some incentives to talk about Democratic-owned issues (Sides 2006). We created variables for whether the candidate narrates or appears in the ad based on WMP records (Banda and Windett 2021) because seeing or hearing a candidate, especially a candidate of color, is an important cue for candidate ethnicity and gender. We also included measures of advertising dynamics, including whether the ad was sponsored by the candidate, the party, or a PAC, the average cost of an ad, ad tone, and whether the ad was for a general election or a primary (Table A4).…”

Section: Analyzing Latinas’ Campaign Messagesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Intersection of Candidate Gender and Ethnicity: How Voters Respond to Campaign Messages from Latinas

Santia

Bauer

2022

The International Journal of Press/Politics

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Despite the recent surge of women of color in elected political office in the U.S., the representation of Latinas is strikingly low. Past research offers unclear conclusions as to whether Latina political candidates face biases due to the intersection of their identities as women and as ethnic minorities, and how Latinas can navigate such biases. In this study, we identify how Latinas draw on their intersectional identities as both women and ethnic minorities to develop strategic campaign messages and how voters respond to such messages. Through an analysis of campaign advertising data and an original survey experiment, we show that Latina candidates do not face an automatic disadvantage based in gender and ethnic biases, but they can benefit from the intersection of these two identities, especially among female minority voters. These results are consequential because they offer insights into how to improve the descriptive and substantive representation of marginalized groups in the U.S.

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Intersectional Motherhood and Candidate Evaluations in the United States

Sweet-Cushman,

Bauer

2024

Pol & Gen

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In the United States, emphasizing their families and talking about parenthood can be a potent strategy for political candidates as voters use information about a candidate’s family life to make assessments of the candidate’s personal attributes and issue competencies. We nonetheless know little about how a candidate’s race affects these assessments. We thus consider how Black women use and benefit from politicizing motherhood, and we argue that the unique intersectional identities of Black women shaped jointly by their race and gender can give Black women a stronger strategic advantage from highlighting motherhood compared to white women. Using both observational and experimental data, we apply this intersectional framework by examining motherhood messages. We identify the extent to which Black women rely on messages about motherhood and how voters respond. Our results show that Black women are just as likely to use motherhood messages relative to white women, and that Black women receive positive evaluations from voters from a message emphasizing motherhood. White and minority voters are equally likely to positively rate Black women who emphasize motherhood.

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Candidate appearance in campaign advertisements

Cited by 6 publications

References 38 publications

How Women Attack: Candidate Reliance on Feminine and Masculine Traits in Campaign Negativity

How Women Attack: Candidate Reliance on Feminine and Masculine Traits in Campaign Negativity

The Intersection of Candidate Gender and Ethnicity: How Voters Respond to Campaign Messages from Latinas

Intersectional Motherhood and Candidate Evaluations in the United States

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