Candidemia in women with breast carcinoma treated with high‐dose chemotherapy and autologous bone marrow transplantation

Gottfreðsson, Magnús; Vredenburgh, James J.; Xu, Jianping; Schell, Wiley A.; Perfect, John R.

doi:10.1002/cncr.11470

Cited by 17 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 75 publications

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“…They have high discriminatory power for related and unrelated isolates of clinically relevant Candida species, especially when a number of single primers are used, and strong concordance with results of other established methods, such as multilocus enzyme electrophoresis, Ca3 Southern hybridization probe techniques, and multilocus sequence typing [17,18]. PCR-based fin-gerprinting methods have proved useful for hospital epidemiology-in particular, for investigating infection clusters of invasive candidiasis in hospitals [19,20].…”

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confidence: 82%

Molecular Epidemiology of Candidemia: Evidence of Clusters of Smoldering Nosocomial Infections

et al. 2008

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Background. Invasive fungal infections pose a serious threat to hospitalized patients worldwide. In particular, the prevalence of clusters of nosocomial infection among patients with candidemia remains unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the molecular epidemiology of candidemia in a nationwide setting in Iceland during a 16-year period.Methods. The genotypes of all available fungal bloodstream isolates during 1991-2006 ( ) were detern p 219 mined by polymerase chain reaction fingerprinting with use of 4 separate primers. Clusters were defined as isolation of у2 strains with genotypes that had у90% relatedness in the same hospital within a period of 90 days.Results. Candida albicans represented 61.6% of isolates, followed by Candida glabrata (13.7%), Candida tropicalis (9.1%), and Candida parapsilosis (8.7%). Polymerase chain reaction fingerprinting revealed 35 clones of C. albicans, 10 clones of C. glabrata, 7 clones of C. tropicalis, 4 clones of C. parapsilosis, and 5 clones of Candida dubliniensis. Overall, 18.7%-39.9% of all infections were part of nosocomial clusters, most commonly caused by C. albicans, C. parapsilosis, and C. tropicalis. Most clusters involved 2 cases and disproportionately affected patients in adult and neonatal intensive care units ( ). The 7-day (16%) and 30-day (32%) case-fatality rates among P p .045 cluster-associated cases did not differ statistically significantly from those for sporadic nosocomial infections. None of the clusters were identified by the hospital surveillance team.Conclusions. In an unselected patient population, as many as one-third of all cases of candidemia may be attributable to nosocomial clusters. The risk is dependent on hospital wards and patient populations; it is highest in intensive care units. Small clusters are not identified by routine hospital surveillance.

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confidence: 82%

Molecular Epidemiology of Candidemia: Evidence of Clusters of Smoldering Nosocomial Infections

et al. 2008

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“…however, an exclusive study on systemic candidiasis and its relationship with breast cancer has yet to be conducted, even though there are a few epidemiological studies that have shown a co-existence of breast cancer and systemic candidiasis in humans (7,10,18). This study aimed to focus on the relationship between systemic candidiasis and breast cancer by examining the behaviour of candidiasis when the body is subjected to a chronic disease state.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Few studies have documented the co-existence and plausible relationship between breast cancer and systemic candidiasis (7)(8)(9)(10). However, there have been no authentic studies on systemic candidiasis and its relationship with breast cancer in experimentally induced mice.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A comparative histopathological study of systemic candidiasis in association with experimentally induced breast cancer

Choo

Chakravarthi²,

Wong³

et al. 2010

Oncology Letters

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Abstract. systemic candidiasis is a fungal infection which coupled with solid malignancies places patients at high risk of succumbing to the disease. Few studies have shown evidence of the relationship between systemic candidiasis and malignancy-induced immunosuppression disease especially in breast cancer. At present, animal studies that exclusively demonstrate this relationship have yet to be conducted. the exact causative mechanism of systemic candidiasis is currently under much speculation. this study therefore aimed to demonstrate this relationship by observing the histopathological changes of organs harvested from female Balb/c mice which were experimentally induced with breast cancer and inoculated with systemic candidiasis. the mice were randomly assigned to five different groups (n=12). The first group (group 1) was injected with phosphate buffer solution, the second (group 2) with systemic candidiasis, the third (group 3) with breast cancer and the final two groups (groups 4 and 5) had both candidiasis and breast cancer at two different doses of candidiasis, respectively. Inoculation of mice with systemic candidiasis was performed by an intravenous injection of Candida albicans via the tail vein following successful culture methods. Induction of mice with breast cancer occurred via injection of 4T1 cancer cells at the right axillary mammary fatpad after effective culture methods. the prepared slides with organ tissues were stained with hematoxylin and eosin, periodic acidic schiff and gomori methenamine silver stains for a histopathological analysis. grading of primary tumour and identification of metastatic deposits, as well as scoring of inflammation and congestion in all the respective organs was conducted. statistical tests performed to compare groups 2 and 4 showed that group 4 exhibited a highly statistically significant increase in organ inflammation and congestion (p<0.01). The median severity of candidiasis in the kidneys and liver also increased in group 4 as compared to group 2. In conclusion, based on the above evidence, systemic candidiasis significantly increased in mice with breast cancer.

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“…Fungal infections are serious problems during the treatment of immunosuppressive viral infections, malignant tumors, and other immunocompromising disorders (17,30,31). Novel drugs with potent antifungal activities have been developed (9, 11), but they have insufficiently controlled fungal infections in immunocompromised patients, and a new strategy for control is desired.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regulation of Fungal Infection by a Combination of Amphotericin B and Peptide 2, a Lactoferrin Peptide That Activates Neutrophils

Okamoto

Tanida

Ben-juan

et al. 2004

Clin Vaccine Immunol

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To establish a novel strategy for the control of fungal infection, we examined the antifungal and neutrophilactivating activities of antimicrobial peptides. The duration of survival of 50% of mice injected with a lethal dose of Candida albicans (5 ؋ 10 8 cells) or Aspergillus fumigatus (1 ؋ 10 8 cells) was prolonged 3 to 5 days by the injection of 10 g of peptide 2 (a lactoferrin peptide) and 10 g of ␣-defensin 1 for five consecutive days and was prolonged 5 to 13 days by the injection of 0.1 g of granulocyte-monocyte colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and 0.5 g of amphotericin B. When mice received a combined injection of peptide 2 (10 g/day) with amphotericin B (0.5 g/day) for 5 days after the lethal fungal inoculation, their survival was greatly prolonged and some mice continued to live for more than 5 weeks, although the effective doses of peptide 2 for 50 and 100% suppression of Candida or Aspergillus colony formation were about one-third and one-half those of amphotericin B, respectively. In vitro, peptide 2 as well as GM-CSF increased the Candida and Aspergillus killing activities of neutrophils, but peptides such as ␣-defensin 1, ␤-defensin 2, and histatin 5 did not upregulate the killing activity. GM-CSF together with peptide 2 but not other peptides enhanced the production of superoxide (O 2 ؊ ) by neutrophils. The upregulation by peptide 2 was confirmed by the activation of the O 2 ؊ -generating pathway, i.e., activation of large-molecule guanine binding protein, phosphatidyl-inositol 3-kinase, protein kinase C, and p47 phox as well as p67 phox . In conclusion, different from natural antimicrobial peptides, peptide 2 has a potent neutrophil-activating effect which could be advantageous for its clinical use in combination with antifungal drugs.

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Candidemia in women with breast carcinoma treated with high‐dose chemotherapy and autologous bone marrow transplantation

Cited by 17 publications

References 75 publications

Molecular Epidemiology of Candidemia: Evidence of Clusters of Smoldering Nosocomial Infections

Molecular Epidemiology of Candidemia: Evidence of Clusters of Smoldering Nosocomial Infections

A comparative histopathological study of systemic candidiasis in association with experimentally induced breast cancer

Regulation of Fungal Infection by a Combination of Amphotericin B and Peptide 2, a Lactoferrin Peptide That Activates Neutrophils

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