Canid herpesvirus 1 Preferentially Infects Polarized Madin-Darby Canine Kidney Cells from the Basolateral Surface

Abstract

Canid herpesvirus 1 (CHV-1) infects polarized canine epithelia. Herein, we present our initial work characterizing CHV-1 infection of Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells that were polarized on trans-wells. We previously showed that infection of these cells in non-polarized cultures stimulated the formation of extensive lamellipodial membrane protrusions. Uninfected polarized MDCK cells already form extensive lamellipodial membrane protrusions on the apical surface in the absence of virus. Using scanning electron microscopy, we found that CHV-1 infection does not lead to a change in the form of the lamellipodial membrane protrusions on the apical surface of polarized MDCK cells. We found that CHV-1 was able to infect polarized cultures from either the apical or basolateral side; however, higher viral titers were produced upon infection of the basolateral side. Regardless of the side infected, titers of virus were higher in the apical compartment compared to the basal compartment; however, these differences were not statistically significant. In addition to cell-free virus that was recovered in the media, the highest amount of virus produced remained cell-associated over the course of the experiment. The efficiency of CHV-1 infection of the basolateral side of polarized epithelial cells is consistent with the pathobiology of this varicellovirus.

Prevalence of Chlamydophila spp. and Canid herpesvirus-1 in Polish dogs

“…Herpesvirus infections of the reproductive tract have been reported in dogs, cattle, and humans. CHV-1 may infect domesticated dogs and other canines, such as foxes [16]. It was first described as a cause of puppy mortality in dogs.…”

“…CHV-1 belongs to the Herpesviridae family, Alphaherpesvirinae subfamily, and Varicellovirus genus [18]. Hematopoietic cells mediate the development of viremia following CHV-1 infection [16]. Similar to other herpes virus, CHV-1 can infect the respiratory and reproductive systems and cause conjunctivitis and keratitis [19].…”