Canine adenovirus type 1 causing neurological signs in a 5-week-old puppy

Abstract

BackgroundInfectious canine hepatitis is a rarely encountered disease, that is caused by Canine Adenovirus-1. Clinical signs can vary dramatically, and neurological signs are rarely seen. Neurological manifestation of this disease is rarely reported in the veterinary literature.Case presentationA 5-week-old, male entire Husky cross puppy presented for a one-day history of abnormal neurological behaviour (circling, ataxia, vocalization and obtund mentation). The puppy was euthanized shortly after presentation due to rapid deterioration. Histopathology raised concerns for Canine Adenovirus 1 (CAdV-1) based on vasculitis in the brain and intranuclear inclusion bodies in endothelial cell and hepatocytes; immunohistochemistry on brain tissue confirmed CAdV-1 infection.ConclusionsThis report discusses possible routes of infection and manifestations of adenovirus infections causing neurologic signs. It also provides a timely reminder that CAdV-1 should be considered a differential in unvaccinated dogs that present with neurological signs. Further studies are required to better understand the neurotrophic tendencies of this virus.

Infectious canine hepatitis, not only in the textbooks: a brief review and three case reports

“…Neurological manifestation of ICH typically occurs in wild species (e.g. foxes) but are rarely encoun-tered in domesticated dogs (Cabasso, 1962;Hornsey et al, 2019). Nevertheless, case 1 exhibits typical lesions for involvement of the central nervous system as is seen in fox encephalitis (Cabasso, 1962;Vandevelde et al, 2012).…”

Difference Analysis Between Canine Adenovirus Types 1 And 2

“…The main manifestations of CAdV-1 in dogs, coyotes, raccoons, opossum rats, and skunks are hepatitis, and that in foxes and black bears is encephalitis ( Fan et al., 1992 ; Laurenson et al., 1997 ), but hepatitis has also been well documented as a symptom of infection in foxes ( Thompson et al., 2010 a). Neurologic signs of CAdV-1 are observed occasionally in dogs and may be attributed to the damage of the blood vessels in the nervous system ( Hornsey et al., 2019 ). The deposition of immune complexes may induce iridocyclitis (blue eye) and interstitial nephritis after recovery from CAdV-1 infection ( Decaro et al., 2008 ).…”

“…The deposition of immune complexes may induce iridocyclitis (blue eye) and interstitial nephritis after recovery from CAdV-1 infection ( Decaro et al., 2008 ). CAdV-1 can also cause simple respiratory diseases ( Hornsey et al., 2019 ). Low titers of CAdV-2 have been detected in lung tissue samples ( Sun et al., 2019 ).…”

“…Hepatocytes with CAdV-1 are vacuolated, and cell necrosis is rare. Hepatocyte nuclei with CAdV-1 are also frequently observed to contain large basophilic inclusion bodies ( Hornsey et al., 2019 ). The gallbladder appears thickened and edematous, and edema of the gallbladder wall maintains during infection ( Decaro et al., 2008 ).…”

“…After recovery from ICH, interstitial nephritis and iridocyclitis may occur in dogs ( Decaro et al., 2008 ). Congestion and hemorrhagic lesions are also observed in the spleen, lymph nodes, thymus, pancreas, and hemorrhagic enteritis ( Hornsey et al., 2019 ).…”