Canine Blood Group Prevalence and Geographical Distribution around the World: An Updated Systematic Review

Abstract

In recent years, blood transfusions have been more commonly given to pets. The importance of determining blood groups in dogs and cats is, therefore, well-known for reducing the risk of adverse reactions in the recipient blood caused by a “non-compatible” donor. This systematic review summarizes data from previously published reports and follows the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines for systematic reviews. After applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, we identified 41 eligible studies using different states and blood-typing methods to determine blood groups in dogs. The dog blood groups that were identified between 1999 and 2020 in 17 different countries were combined to yield the DEA (Dog Erythrocyte Antigen), Kai, and Dal groups. These studies were conducted in Europe, America, Africa, and Asia but not in all the countries of these continents. The methods used to determine blood types have also changed over the years. This systematic review highlights gaps in the literature and should advance future studies synthesizing data with methodological rigor.

Feline Blood Groups: A Systematic Review of Phylogenetic and Geographical Origin

“…As in dogs, to determine the DEA group [ 24 ], several methods have been proposed to determine the blood group in cats [ 5 , 25 ]. Feline blood typing can be performed: (i) by a point-of-care test (CARD) consisting of a card with wells that contain lyophilized monoclonal anti-A or anti-B antibody [ 26 ]; (ii) by a point-of-care test (CHROM) based on immunochromatographic diffusion of RBCs with monoclonal anti-A and anti-B antibodies (DME VET A + B, provided by Alvedia, Lyon, France) [ 27 , 28 ]; (iii) by a technique (GEL) method based on gel columns containing anti-A antibodies [ 29 ]; (iv) by a SLIDE test and tube assay (TUBE) in which the degree of agglutination is scored as for the CARD method [ 30 ].…”

Blood crossmatching patterns in a population of killer whales (Orcinus orca) in managed care

“…It was hypothesized that there are over 400,000 possible equine blood types due to varying permutations of blood systems and factors (Proverbio et al, 2020), and the blood phenotype of cattle has even been suggested to be analogous to fingerprints (Humble, 1954). In comparison, 60% of dogs worldwide are of DEA 1 (Elbelt et al, 2020; Mangiaterra et al, 2021) and 80%–95% of nonpedigree cats are of feline blood type A (Juvet et al, 2011; McDermott et al, 2020; Vieira et al, 2017). Due to the limited sample size of our study, it is possible that the number of different crossmatching patterns of killer whales, and by extension erythrocyte antigens (that were not examined here), is likely underestimated.…”

Omics Technologies in Veterinary Medicine: Literature Review and Perspectives in Transfusion Medicine

“…Transfusion medicine is a specialized branch of medicine now widely applied in veterinary clinical practice too, in which animals (especially dogs, cats, and horses) can receive life-saving blood transfusions that may be necessary, following major blood loss due to traumas, surgery, anemias, and coagulopathies of various origins [29,[108][109][110][111][112][113]. Compared to humans, a few articles are present regarding SLs in blood units from veterinary species.…”