Canine chronic enteropathy—Current state-of-the-art and emerging concepts

Abstract

Over the last decade, chronic inflammatory enteropathies (CIE) in dogs have received great attention in the basic and clinical research arena. The 2010 ACVIM Consensus Statement, including guidelines for the diagnostic criteria for canine and feline CIE, was an important milestone to a more standardized approach to patients suspected of a CIE diagnosis. Great strides have been made since understanding the pathogenesis and classification of CIE in dogs, and novel diagnostic and treatment options have evolved. New concepts in the microbiome-host-interaction, metabolic pathways, crosstalk within the mucosal immune system, and extension to the gut-brain axis have emerged. Novel diagnostics have been developed, the clinical utility of which remains to be critically evaluated in the next coming years. New directions are also expected to lead to a larger spectrum of treatment options tailored to the individual patient. This review offers insights into emerging concepts and future directions proposed for further CIE research in dogs for the next decade to come.

Braunes Gold – Kottransplantation als Therapieoption beim Hund

“…Die Subklassifikation erfolgt anhand des Ansprechens auf die Therapie, wobei die Gruppe der Antibiotika-responsiven Enteropathien aktuell in der Diskussion steht. Dies liegt u. a. daran, dass die Patienten nach Absetzen der antimikrobiellen Therapie häufig einen Rückfall der Erkrankung erleiden 17 . Auch die weltweit zunehmende Resistenzlage und die neuen rechtlichen Vorschriften zum Einsatz von Antibiotika haben die Kottransplantation als Therapieform bei chronisch entzündlichen Darmerkrankungen in den Vordergrund gerückt.…”

“…Auch die weltweit zunehmende Resistenzlage und die neuen rechtlichen Vorschriften zum Einsatz von Antibiotika haben die Kottransplantation als Therapieform bei chronisch entzündlichen Darmerkrankungen in den Vordergrund gerückt. Die bei diesen Patienten nachgewiesene intestinale Dysbiose steht in Zusammenhang mit der Inflammation der Darmschleimhaut und spielt damit eine wichtige Rolle in der Pathophysiologie der Erkrankung 17 . Ziel der Therapie sollte daher die Wiederherstellung der mikrobiellen Diversität und Normalisierung des Metaboloms sein und nicht die Zerstörung der Mikrobiota mittels Antibiotika.…”

Association of folate concentrations with clinical signs and laboratory markers of chronic enteropathy in dogs

“… 1 Chronic enteropathy cases can be subclassified by the response to dietary intervention (food‐responsive enteropathy: FRE), immunosuppression (immunosuppressant‐responsive enteropathy: IRE), antimicrobials (antibiotic‐responsive enteropathy: ARE), or a lack of response to all 3 therapies (nonresponsive enteropathy: NRE). 1 , 2 A variety of markers exist to diagnose, monitor, and prognosticate CE in dogs. Scoring indices such as the Canine Inflammatory Bowel Disease Activity Index (CIBDAI) 3 or Canine Chronic Enteropathy Clinical Activity Index (CCECAI) 4 quantitatively assess the severity of clinical disease.…”

“…Chronic enteropathy is diagnosed by excluding extragastrointestinal diseases and infectious, endocrine, or neoplastic causes of gastrointestinal disease 1 . Chronic enteropathy cases can be subclassified by the response to dietary intervention (food‐responsive enteropathy: FRE), immunosuppression (immunosuppressant‐responsive enteropathy: IRE), antimicrobials (antibiotic‐responsive enteropathy: ARE), or a lack of response to all 3 therapies (nonresponsive enteropathy: NRE) 1,2 . A variety of markers exist to diagnose, monitor, and prognosticate CE in dogs.…”

Synbiotic-IgY Therapy Modulates the Mucosal Microbiome and Inflammatory Indices in Dogs with Chronic Inflammatory Enteropathy: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study

“…Canine chronic inflammatory enteropathy (CE) denotes a group of intestinal disorders characterized by persistent or recurrent gastrointestinal (GI) signs and variable intestinal inflammation. Traditionally, CE is defined by the response to therapy with the most common classifications including food-responsive disease (FRD), antibiotic-responsive disease (ARD), and steroid-responsive disease (SRD), with this latter group often termed idiopathic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) [ 1 ]. Affected dogs exhibit variable GI signs, including diarrhea, vomiting, alterations in appetite, and weight loss which may or may not be accompanied by excessive enteric plasma protein loss (i.e., protein-losing enteropathy).…”