Canine Circovirus Suppresses the Type I Interferon Response and Protein Expression but Promotes CPV-2 Replication

Hao, Xiangqi; Li, Yanchao; Chen, Hui; Chen, Bin; Liu, Ruohan; Wu, Yue; Xiao, Xiangyu; Zhou, Pei; Li, Shoujun

doi:10.3390/ijms23126382

Cited by 18 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…There may be several reasons for vaccine failure. Among them, interference of maternal antibodies may be an important factor [ 38 ], or coinfection with other viruses may lead to immunosuppression in dogs [ 39 , 40 , 41 ]; the greatest probability is a change in the antigenicity of the virus. At present, the vaccine commonly used in China is still original CPV-2 or CPV-2b [ 16 ], and vaccination failure is related to a large extent to the poor protection of CPV-2c [ 15 , 42 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Changes in Canine Parvovirus Variants over the Years

Hao

Xiao

et al. 2022

IJMS

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Canine parvovirus (CPV-2) is one of the most important pathogens in dogs, and despite the continual development of vaccines against CPV-2, CPV-2 is still circulating in the canine population. The CPV-2a/2b/2c variant has replaced the original CPV-2 virus and seems to exhibit accelerated transmission. Although CPV-2 infection has been frequently reported, no studies have summarized information of CPV-2 variants currently circulating worldwide. To track the evolution of CPV-2, we downloaded and analyzed all VP2 sequences from the NCBI database (from 1978 to 2022). We found that CPV-2c shows a tendency to replace CPV-2a as the new dominant variant in Asia, South America, North America and Africa. Additionally, CPV-2c, which is prevalent in most regions of Asia, carries two special mutations in VP2, A5G and Q370R, and has become a dominant mutation with spillover already occurring. In conclusion, this summary of the types of global epidemic variants provides new insight into the evolution of CPV-2 and raises awareness for blocking the spread of this virus. The spread of Asian-derived CPV-2c urgently needs to be further under surveillance.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Changes in Canine Parvovirus Variants over the Years

Hao

Xiao

et al. 2022

IJMS

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“…The finding of CanineCV viral genomes by ISH and viral protein by IHC indicates active viral infection, providing strong support for the hypothesis of CanineCV-associated respiratory disease. Only one study demonstrated that CanineCV suppressed the antiviral response of infected cells by inhibiting type 1 interferon, which results in the enhancement of canine parvovirus replication ( 12 ). In the PCV2 study, infection of PCV2 in pulmonary alveolar macrophages disrupted the function of these cells, consequently promoting respiratory bacterial infection ( 35 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The exact role of the virus in these cells remains uncertain. Only one published article has shown the suppression of the interferon response in the cells infected with CanineCV ( 12 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recombinant expression and characterization of Canine circovirus capsid protein for diagnosis

Dankaona,

Nooroong,

Poolsawat

et al. 2024

Front. Vet. Sci.

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Canine circovirus (CanineCV) is a contagious virus that causes severe gastroenteritis, diarrhea, respiratory disease, and vasculitis, often resulting in fatality among infected dogs. In this study, a recombinant Capsid protein (rCap) of CanineCV was expressed in the Escherichia coli (E. coli) Rosetta (DE3) pLysS host cell, followed by affinity purification, and then analyzed by SDS-PAGE, revealing a molecular weight of approximately 31 kDa. The antigenicity of the CanineCV rCap protein was confirmed through recognition by a rabbit anti-CanineCV rCap protein polyclonal antibody (PoAb). Additionally, the reactivity and specificity of this PoAb were assessed using indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and Western blot analysis before applying in an immunohistochemistry (IHC), namely, immunoperoxidase detection. The immunoperoxidase assay using rabbit anti-CanineCV rCap protein PoAb demonstrated that the CanineCV Cap protein was predominantly located in immune cells, especially lymphocytes and macrophages, within the spleen, lung, tracheobronchial lymph nodes, small intestine, and kidney. Similarly, the Cap protein was also found in pneumocytes in the lung and renal tubular epithelial cells in the kidney. These findings reflected the biological activity and cell tropism of the virus. Therefore, the recombinant Cap protein and its PoAb could be used for the development of a valuable diagnostic tool for CanineCV detection.

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“…Competition may arise between viruses via processes such as interferon-mediated immunity or resource competition [ 165 , 166 ]. Alternatively, facilitation can occur through immune suppression, or upregulated viral replication [ 167 , 168 ]. In general, however, we found scant evidence of pairwise associations at the level of viral families, with the viral composition of co-infections in our database being instead consistent with testing effort.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Viral Co-Infection in Bats: A Systematic Review

Jones,

Kaufman,

Peel

2023

Viruses

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Co-infection is an underappreciated phenomenon in contemporary disease ecology despite its ubiquity and importance in nature. Viruses, and other co-infecting agents, can interact in ways that shape host and agent communities, influence infection dynamics, and drive evolutionary selective pressures. Bats are host to many viruses of zoonotic potential and have drawn increasing attention in their role as wildlife reservoirs for human spillover. However, the role of co-infection in driving viral transmission dynamics within bats is unknown. Here, we systematically review peer-reviewed literature reporting viral co-infections in bats. We show that viral co-infection is common in bats but is often only reported as an incidental finding. Biases identified in our study database related to virus and host species were pre-existing in virus studies of bats generally. Studies largely speculated on the role co-infection plays in viral recombination and few investigated potential drivers or impacts of co-infection. Our results demonstrate that current knowledge of co-infection in bats is an ad hoc by-product of viral discovery efforts, and that future targeted co-infection studies will improve our understanding of the role it plays. Adding to the broader context of co-infection studies in other wildlife species, we anticipate our review will inform future co-infection study design and reporting in bats. Consideration of detection strategy, including potential viral targets, and appropriate analysis methodology will provide more robust results and facilitate further investigation of the role of viral co-infection in bat reservoirs.

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Canine Circovirus Suppresses the Type I Interferon Response and Protein Expression but Promotes CPV-2 Replication

Cited by 18 publications

References 42 publications

The Changes in Canine Parvovirus Variants over the Years

The Changes in Canine Parvovirus Variants over the Years

Recombinant expression and characterization of Canine circovirus capsid protein for diagnosis

Viral Co-Infection in Bats: A Systematic Review

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