Canine Dal Blood Type: A Red Cell Antigen Lacking in Some Dalmatians

Blais, Marie‐Claude; Berman, Lisa; Oakley, Donna A.; Giger, Urs

doi:10.1892/0891-6640(2007)21[281:cdbtar]2.0.co;2

Cited by 49 publications

(122 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…The DEA system is composed by 7 canine blood types with typing sera availability for only five of those (DEA 1, DEA 3, DEA 4, DEA 5 and DEA 7) (Hohenhaus 2004, Blais et al 2007.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Frequencies of DEA blood types in a purebred canine blood donor population in Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil

et al. 2011

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RESUMO.-[Frequências dos tipos sanguíneos do sistema DEA em uma população de cães de raça doadores de sangue em Porto Alegre, RS.] O estudo da imunohematologia canina é muito importante para a medicina veterinária transfusional. O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar as frequências dos tipos sanguíneos do sistema DEA em uma população de cães de raça que fazem parte de um programa de cães doadores de sangue em Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil. Cem cães saudáveis de raça pura foram selecionados, vinte de cada raça (Dogue Alemão, Rottweiler, Golden Retriever, Pastor Alemão e Dogo Argentino). Amostras de sangue foram coletadas em tubos contendo ACD-A e o teste de hemaglutinação em tubo de ensaio da MSU (MI, EUA) foi utilizado para determinar os tipos sanguíneos. A população estudada apresentou frequências gerais de 61% para DEA 1.1, 22% para DEA 1.2, 7% para DEA 3, 100% para DEA 4, 9% para DEA 5 and 16% para DEA 7. Uma associação significativa foi encontrada entre as raças e certas combinações de tipos sanguíneos nesta população. Os resultados estão de acordo com a literatura, visto que a maioria da população canina estudada foi positiva para DEA 1. The study of canine immunohematology is very important for veterinary transfusion medicine. The objective of this study was to determine the DEA blood type frequencies in a purebred canine blood donor population from Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. One hundred clinically healthy purebred dogs were chosen, 20 dogs from each breed (Great Dane, Rottweiler, Golden Retriever, German Shepherd and Argentine Dogo). Blood samples were taken in ACD-A tubes and the MSU hemagglutination tube test (MI, USA) was used to determine the blood types. The studied population presented general frequencies of 61% for DEA 1.1, 22% for DEA 1.2, 7% for DEA 3, 100% for DEA 4, 9% for DEA 5 and 16% for DEA 7. A significant association was found between breeds and certain combinations of blood types in this population. The results are in agreement with the literature since most part of the canine population studied was positive for DEA 1.1, the most antigenic blood type in dogs. Differences were found among the studied breeds and those should be considered when selecting a blood donor. The knowledge of blood types frequencies and their combinations in different canine populations, including different breeds, is important because it shows the particularities of each group, helps to keep a data bank of local frequencies and minimizes the risks of transfusion reactions.

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“…The DEA system is composed by 7 canine blood types with typing sera availability for only five of those (DEA 1, DEA 3, DEA 4, DEA 5 and DEA 7) (Hohenhaus 2004, Blais et al 2007.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Frequencies of DEA blood types in a purebred canine blood donor population in Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil

et al. 2011

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“…Acute hemolytic transfusion reactions against DEA 1.1 and 4, Dal, and other red, cell antigens are observed in dogs previously sensitized by transfusion 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9. Currently, polyclonal typing reagents are only available on a limited basis for DEA 1.1, 3, 4, and 5, and Dal, and there are only a couple of monoclonal DEA 1.1 antibodies used in blood typing kits 2, 4, 5, 10, 11. Because of the relative paucity of typing reagents, little is known about the biochemistry and molecular genetics of blood group systems in dogs 5, 12…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Based upon 2 polyclonal typing reagents (anti‐DEA 1.1 and 1.X) raised in dogs, the DEA 1 system includes at least 2 types, DEA 1.1 and DEA 1.2. The DEA 1.1 antigen appears to be dominant to DEA 1.2, such that only a dog that is DEA 1.1− can be DEA 1.2+ 4, 10. In addition, a DEA 1.3(A 3 ) antigen has been proposed in 1 study, but reagents are not available for further comparison 13.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…, 5, 14, 15, 16 Recently, flow cytometry with the anti‐DEA 1.X polyclonal antibody was used experimentally to type erythrocytes for DEA 1.1, but DEA 1.1 and 1.2 expression levels or their variation among dogs were not examined 17. Originally, DEA 1.1 typing was done with a polyclonal DEA 1.1 antiserum derived by alloimmunizing dogs with different blood types; this reagent was a weak agglutinin and required canine antiglobulin (Coombs') reagent to better visualize the agglutination reaction in the tube or microtiter assay 5, 6, 10, 13. Two murine monoclonal anti‐DEA 1.1 antibodies, introduced in the 1990s, are used in typing cards,2 gel columns,3 and immunochromatographic strips 4…”

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confidence: 99%

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DEA1 Expression on Dog Erythrocytes Analyzed by Immunochromatographic and Flow Cytometric Techniques

Acierno

Raj

Giger

2014

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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BackgroundThe Dog erythrocyte antigen (DEA) 1 blood group system was thought to contain types DEA 1.1 and 1.2 (and possibly 1.3 [A3]). However, DEA 1.2+ dogs are very rare and newer typing methods reveal varying degrees of DEA 1 positivity.ObjectivesTo assess if variation in DEA 1 positivity is because of quantitative differences in surface antigen expression. To determine expression patterns in dogs over time and effects of blood storage (4°C). To evaluate DEA 1.2+ samples by DEA 1 typing methods.AnimalsAnticoagulated blood samples from 66 dogs in a research colony and from a hospital, and 9 previously typed DEA 1.2+ dogs from an animal blood bank.MethodsResearch study: Samples were analyzed by flow cytometry and immunochromatographic strip using a monoclonal anti‐DEA 1 antibody.ResultsTwenty dogs were DEA 1−, whereas 46 dogs were weakly to strongly DEA 1+. Antigen quantification revealed excellent correlation between strip and flow cytometry (r = 0.929). Both methods reclassified DEA 1.2+ samples as weakly to moderately DEA 1+, but they were not retyped with the polyclonal anti‐DEA 1.1/1.X antibodies. Dogs and blood samples retained their relative DEA 1 antigen densities over time.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceThe blood group system DEA 1 is a continuum from negative to strongly positive antigen expression. Previously typed DEA 1.2+ appears to be DEA 1+. These findings further the understanding of the DEA 1 system and suggest that all alleles within the DEA 1 system have a similarly based epitope recognized by the monoclonal antibody.

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“…6,7 Crossmatching misidentification of compatible donors occurred in one of these studies, 7 with consequences to the cat. So, how is the average veterinarian to proceed?…”

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confidence: 99%

New Red Blood Cell Antigens in Dogs and Cats—A Welcome Discovery

Wardrop

2007

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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Canine Dal Blood Type: A Red Cell Antigen Lacking in Some Dalmatians

Abstract: Based upon the identification of an acquired alloantibody in a Dalmatian, a presumably new common blood type named Dal was identified. Dalmatians lacking the Dal antigen are likely at risk of delayed and acute hemolytic transfusion reactions.

Cited by 49 publications

References 19 publications

Frequencies of DEA blood types in a purebred canine blood donor population in Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil

Frequencies of DEA blood types in a purebred canine blood donor population in Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil

DEA1 Expression on Dog Erythrocytes Analyzed by Immunochromatographic and Flow Cytometric Techniques

New Red Blood Cell Antigens in Dogs and Cats—A Welcome Discovery

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