Canine Dirofilariasis: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

Adebayo, O. O.; Akande, Foluke Adedayo; Adenubi, Olubukola Tolulope

doi:10.2478/fv-2020-0029

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 25 publications

(15 reference statements)

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“…The methods of intravital diagnosis include larvoscopic microscopy of blood, based on detecting microfilariae in the blood of the host. Serological methods that are based on antigen detection are also used (Simón et al, 2012;Adebayo et al, 2020). At the same time, these techniques are not always sufficient to determine the species of dirofilaria and are not sensitive enough (Svobodová et al, 2006).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential diagnosis of Dirofilaria immitis nematodes (Nematoda, Onchocercidae)

Kryvoruchenko

Prykhodko

Mazannyі

et al. 2021

Regul. Mech. Biosyst.

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Heartworm disease is a widespread anthropozoonotic disease of carnivorous animals, as well as humans. It is caused by nematodes belonging to the suborder Filariata, family Onchocercidae, genus Dirofilaria. There are about 26 species of heartworms in nature, the most common and pathogenic species in dogs and cats in most countries is Dirofilaria immitis Leidy, 1856. Mature helminths parasitize in the right ventricle and pulmonary arteries, large veins of animals and cause heart and vascular disorders, and death. Therefore, the aim of the study was to investigate the features of morphological and metric structure of adult nematodes of D. immitis isolated from the heart of dogs. Morphological studies have shown that in males the most characteristic differential features are the presence of two unequal spicules, specifically positioned relative to each other, as well as well-defined preanal and less pronounced adanal and postanal papillae. In female heartworms, the characteristic morphological features are the shape and location of the vulva. There is a difference in the structure of the esophagus in males and females. In females, the anterior and posterior parts of the esophagus are well expressed, with enlargements, in males these divisions are not pronounced. To increase the efficiency of species identification of D. immitis nematodes, it is proposed to use metric parameters that characterize the overall body size, body and width of esophagus in different areas, length of esophagus, and the location of the nerve ring. In males, 11 indicators are also suggested that characterize the size of the spicules and the location of the cloaca. In females, seven additional parameters are pointed out that characterize the location of the vulva, anus and body width in these areas. The obtained data expand the already existing data on the peculiarities of the morphological structure of parasitic nematodes of the species D. immitis and their identification.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential diagnosis of Dirofilaria immitis nematodes (Nematoda, Onchocercidae)

Kryvoruchenko

Prykhodko

Mazannyі

et al. 2021

Regul. Mech. Biosyst.

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“…foxes, wolves, coyotes, cats and wild felids), this parasite is known to cause extremely pathogenic infections in dogs, with life-threatening disease (Farkas et al, 2020). The course of the infection depends on the duration of the infection, parasitic load and the immunocompetence of the host, but is characterized as a multisystemic disease that affects the heart, lungs, kidneys and liver and possibly causes the animal's death (Adebayo et al, 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of microfilariae in canine blood samples from the city of Aracaju (Sergipe, northeastern Brazil)

Lee

2022

Preprint

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This study reported the occurrence of microfilariae from blood samples of dogs from the city of Aracaju, Sergipe, and correlate the prevalence of those infections with the age and sex of the analyzed animals. Each blood samples collected from the cephalic, radial, or jugular veins was processed under modified Knott’s technique and analyzed in triplicates. A total of 378 dogs were analyzed during the study and a total of 15 (4%) animals were positive to circulating microfilariae, being 14 (3.7%) positive for Dirofilaria immitis and 1 (0.3%) for Acanthocheilonema reconditum. The statistical analysis of the results demonstrated a significant correlation between the prevalence of D. immitis and A. reconditum and age of animals, with the rate of infections increasing with the age. A total of 7 females and 8 males were positive to circulating microfilariae, with no significant statistical correlation between those variables. Those results evidence the presence of mosquito-borne blood filarial diseases in dogs from the city of Aracaju and the need to reinforce the diagnosis, treatment and control of these potentially zoonotic diseases.

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“…Canine dirofilariasis, also known as heartworm disease, is due to an infection by Dirofilaria immitis (D. immitis). Its importance, concerning the well-being of pets, has increased in recent years since it is one of the most common parasitic diseases in dogs and an emerging zoonosis 1 . This disease is distributed worldwide, with a prevalence ranging from 7.57% in Africa and 22.68% in Australia (Figure 1) 2 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serosurvey of Canine Dirofilariasis in a Population of Southern Guatemala

Arimany

2022

J. Vet. Physiol. Pathol.

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Introduction: Canine dirofilariasis, is a vector-borne disease caused by the parasitic filarial nematode named Dirofilaria immitis. Cardiopulmonary dirofilariasis is a worldwide distributed disease affecting domestic and wild canines as well as felines, causing pulmonary or cutaneous infections in humans. In recent years, scientists have reported the importance of investigating human cases of dirofilariasis since it can be easily confused with lung disease. Guatemala has a high-density of the canine population. Few studies have reported a high prevalence of canine dirofilariasis; nevertheless, knowledge in Guatemala of Dirofilaria immitis is scarce and practically inexistent. Given this, the current study aimed to explore the circulation of antibodies against D. immitis in dogs in the southern part of Guatemala. Materials and methods: Data were recollected from 110 male and female dogs aged more than a year from various breeds in the village “El Brito”, Escuintla, Guatemala. One milliliter of blood was collected from each dog. The samples were analyzed using ELISA test to examine the presence of antibodies in adult worms. Results: The prevalence determined for antibodies against Dirofilaria immitis of sampled canines was 2.7%, and the most frequent age of the canines was 1-3 years old (85%). Conclusions: According to the obtained data, the prevalence of canine dirofilariasis in a southern region of Guatemala was low.

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Canine Dirofilariasis: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

Cited by 6 publications

References 25 publications

Differential diagnosis of Dirofilaria immitis nematodes (Nematoda, Onchocercidae)

Differential diagnosis of Dirofilaria immitis nematodes (Nematoda, Onchocercidae)

Identification of microfilariae in canine blood samples from the city of Aracaju (Sergipe, northeastern Brazil)

Serosurvey of Canine Dirofilariasis in a Population of Southern Guatemala

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