Canine Elbow Dysplasia

Bruecker, Kenneth A.; Benjamino, Kevin; Vezzoni, Aldo; Walls, Charles M.; Wendelburg, Kirk L.; Follette, Christelle M.; Déjardin, Loïc M.; Guillou, Reunan P.

doi:10.1016/j.cvsm.2020.12.008

Cited by 12 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Although poorly described, LCD typically manifests as a component of diffuse elbow osteoarthritis and is most commonly referred to as a contraindication for certain surgical procedures addressing MCD, such as the proximal abducting ulnar osteotomy, sliding humeral osteotomy, and canine unicompartmental elbow arthroplasty procedures. 18,20,21 Interestingly, isolated fragmentation of the LCP was identified incidentally in two healthy Golden Retrievers in one descriptive anatomic study. 19 Both dogs were skeletally immature (16 and 24 weeks of age) and exhibited no lameness or evidence of elbow pathology on orthopedic examination.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The use of lateral arthroscopy portals for the management of a fragmented lateral coronoid process in an English Bulldog

Vernier,

Verpaalen,

Hinson

et al. 2024

Veterinary Surgery

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ObjectiveTo report a case of unilateral lateral coronoid process fragmentation in a dog treated via lateral elbow arthroscopy portals.AnimalA 9‐month old male intact English Bulldog.Study designCase report.MethodsThe dog presented with a history of intermittent right thoracic limb lameness. Orthopedic examination on presentation was unremarkable. Computed tomography of the right thoracic limb was pursued and revealed a mineralized focus along the lateral margin of the lateral coronoid process as well as sclerosis of the medial coronoid process and subtrochlear region of the ulna. Elbow arthroscopy was performed via a lateral approach and revealed chondromalacia of the entire lateral coronoid process. Abrasion arthroplasty of the lateral coronoid process was performed.ResultsComplete resolution of the lameness was achieved within two weeks of surgery. At 6 weeks postoperatively, the dog remained sound and a gradual return to normal activity was recommended. At the final follow up assessment, 5 months after surgery, no abnormalities were found on orthopedic examination and the owners reported excellent limb function with no observable lameness.ConclusionLateral coronoid disease can occur as a rare component of elbow dysplasia in dogs. Abrasion arthroplasty via lateral arthroscopic portals may have resulted in a successful outcome in this case and may form an effective treatment option for lateral coronoid disease in dogs.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The use of lateral arthroscopy portals for the management of a fragmented lateral coronoid process in an English Bulldog

Vernier,

Verpaalen,

Hinson

et al. 2024

Veterinary Surgery

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“…This medial compartment is a common site for articular cartilage degeneration with OA in the dysplastic elbow and this is commonly termed medial compartment disease 9,48 . It is thought that eccentric loading patterns caused by elbow dysplasia exacerbate these cartilage and subchondral bone changes, 48 leading to regionalized OA. This has been highlighted during an artificial loading study of canine cadaveric elbows where the proximal ulnar articular surface was shown to contribute a significant proportion of load transfer in the elbow joint 49 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An observation in this study was the tendency for SBCs to form within the medial compartment of the elbow. This medial compartment is a common site for articular cartilage degeneration with OA in the dysplastic elbow and this is commonly termed medial compartment disease 9,48 . It is thought that eccentric loading patterns caused by elbow dysplasia exacerbate these cartilage and subchondral bone changes, 48 leading to regionalized OA.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of subchondral bone cysts in canine elbows with radiographic osteoarthritis secondary to elbow dysplasia

Jones,

Gosby,

May

et al. 2023

Veterinary Surgery

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ObjectiveTo investigate whether subchondral bone cysts (SBCs) were present in dogs with radiographic elbow osteoarthritis (OA) and to investigate their relationship with radiographic OA severity.Study designRetrospective cross‐sectional study.Sample populationThirty‐eight Labrador retrievers (total of 76 elbows).MethodsElbow computed tomography (CT) images of 18 young (≤2 years old) and 20 old (>2 years old) Labrador retrievers, which presented for elbow‐associated lameness, were reviewed. Radiographic elbow OA was graded into four groups based on the largest osteophyte size on CT. The presence, number, and maximum diameter of SBCs were determined.ResultsSubchondral bone cysts were only identified in elbows with osteophytic new bone formation. The number and size of SBCs were associated with radiographic OA severity (p < .001 and p = .041 respectively). Specifically, the rate at which SBCs were present increased for both moderate and severe OA in comparison with the mild OA (moderate OA RR = 2.46, 95% CI 2.08–2.92, p < .001; severe OA RR = 5.60, 95% CI 4.79–6.55, p < .001). For dogs with severe OA, there was an increased likelihood that their SBCs were larger than SBCs from dogs with mild OA (OR = 1.056, 95% CI 1.012–1.101, p = .012). No SBCs were observed in elbows without radiographic evidence of OA.ConclusionSubchondral bone cysts were identified as a feature of radiographic elbow osteoarthritis in Labrador retrievers, and their number and size were indicative of the presence and severity of radiographic elbow OA.Clinical significanceSubchondral bone cysts are a potential imaging biomarker for quantitative assessment for canine OA.

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“…Elbow osteoarthritis is a very common source of lameness in dogs and is usually a consequence of elbow dysplasia. In many patients with mild OA secondary to ED are beneficial surgical procedures to improve the clinical status of the patient [ 126 , 127 ]. In some cases, surgical treatment cannot bring the expected benefits because of high-grade OA (severe) or the owner’s rejection to undergo a surgical procedure for their dog.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Two Amnion-Derived Mesenchymal Stem-Cells Injections to Osteoarthritic Elbows in Dogs—Pilot Study

Domaniza

Hluchý

Cizkova

et al. 2023

Animals

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The aim of the study was to investigate the potential of cell-based regenerative therapy for elbow joints affected by osteoarthritis. Interest was focused on two intra-articular applications of amnion-derived mesenchymal stem cells (A-MSCs) to a group of different breeds of dogs with elbow osteoarthritis (13 joints). Two injections were performed 14 days apart. We evaluated synovial fluid biomarkers, such as IFN-γ, IL-6, IL-15, IL-10, MCP-1, TNF-α, and GM-CSF, by multiplex fluorescent micro-bead immunoassay in the treated group of elbows (n = 13) (day 0, day 14, and day 28) and in the control group of elbows (n = 9). Kinematic gait analysis determined the joint range of motion (ROM) before and after each A-MSCs application. Kinematic gait analysis was performed on day 0, day 14, and day 28. Kinematic gait analysis pointed out improvement in the average range of motion of elbow joints from day 0 (38.45 ± 5.74°), day 14 (41.7 ± 6.04°), and day 28 (44.78 ± 4.69°) with statistical significance (p < 0.05) in nine elbows. Correlation analyses proved statistical significance (p < 0.05) in associations between ROM (day 0, day 14, and day 28) and IFN-γ, IL-6, IL-15, MCP-1, TNF-α, and GM-CSF concentrations (day 0, day 14, and day 28). IFN-γ, IL-6, IL-15, MCP-1, GM-CSF, and TNF- α showed negative correlation with ROM at day 0, day 14, and day 28, while IL-10 demonstrated positive correlation with ROM. As a consequence of A-MSC application to the elbow joint, we detected a statistically significant (p < 0.05) decrease in concentration levels between day 0 and day 28 for IFN-γ, IL-6, and TNF-α and statistically significant increase for IL-10. Statistical significance (p < 0.05) was detected in TNF-α, IFN-γ, and GM-CSF concentrations between day 14 and the control group as well as at day 28 and the control group. IL-6 concentrations showed statistical significance (p < 0.05) between day 14 and the control group.

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Canine Elbow Dysplasia

Cited by 12 publications

References 21 publications

The use of lateral arthroscopy portals for the management of a fragmented lateral coronoid process in an English Bulldog

The use of lateral arthroscopy portals for the management of a fragmented lateral coronoid process in an English Bulldog

Evaluation of subchondral bone cysts in canine elbows with radiographic osteoarthritis secondary to elbow dysplasia

Two Amnion-Derived Mesenchymal Stem-Cells Injections to Osteoarthritic Elbows in Dogs—Pilot Study

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