Canine Heartworm Disease in a Brazilian Non-Endemic Area

Abstract

Canine Heartworm Disease (CHD) is a mosquito-borne disease caused by Dirofilaria immitis. In this study, two mature adult-senior dogs from a non-endemic area to CHD presented clinical signs suggestive to the disease. The first one presented skin lesions, loss of appetite, weakness, pale mucosa membrane, and hyperthermia, whereas the second one presented severe ascites, anorexia and exercise intolerance, lateral decumbency, and marked heart murmurs. Both presented tachypnea, thrombocytopenia, leukocytosis, and microfilaremia. Multiplex-PCR (COI gene) resulted positive to D. immitis research in both cases, confirmed by sequencing, with 98% homology to D. immitis (Gen Bank accession n.AJ537512-1). In addition, both animals have never had any prophylactic treatment to CHD, and no reports about traveling to coastal areas. This study reported two unusual cases of D. immitis infection in non-endemic area from Brazil.

Hematological characteristics of autochthonous hypermicrofilaremic dirofilariosis in dogs in Kannur District of Kerala

“…It could be due to the production of endogenous glucocorticoids during an infectious stimuli or stress, which can result in apoptosis or sequestration of lymphocyte leading to lymphopenia (Harvey, 2012). Leucocytosis, monocytosis and eosinophilia are all commonly associated with chronic stress in helminth infections, and neutrophilia can inhibit a Th1-type response, all these abnormal changes could be expected as a squeal to increased MF count (Wysmołek et al (2020a); Monobe et al, 2016). Also, neutrophilia and monocytosis are attributed to the phagocytic removal of tissue breakdown products or MF (Hashem & Badawy, 2007).…”