Canine Mammary Tumours - Clinical Survey

Abstract

Original Scientific Article INTRODUCTIONThe mammary gland is a compound tubuloalveolar gland, divided into lobules by interlobular connective tissue. The mammary gland consists of parenchyma (alveoli), stroma (connective tissue), ducts, vessels and nerves. Bitches usually have fi ve pairs of glands. The cranial two pairs are referred to as cranial and caudal thoracic mammary Mammary tumours are the second most frequent neoplasia in dogs, mainly affecting older female patients. Approximately 50% of the mammary tumours are malignant with high percentage of mortality, if not treated in time. The aim of this study was to analyze the data of canine patients with mammary tumours, to evaluate the type of tumours, as well as the relationship between tumour incidence and dogs' age, reproductive cycle and sterilization. The survey was used to retrieve the information in the period of two years from the patient data base of the University Veterinary Hospital at the Faculty of veterinary medicine in Skopje. Patients included in this survey were subjected to routine clinical investigation and additional laboratory tests (cytological examination, x-rays imaging, CBC and biochemical profile, histopathology of the tumor samples). Aged female patients (12 -13 years) are the most susceptible category for development of mammary tumours. The reproductive history showed that five of the patients with malignant mammary tumours have never whelped and were not treated with any exogenous hormones. Malignant tumours (adenocarcinoma) were diagnosed in 90% of the patients. Three patients died due to lung metastasis. Late diagnosis is one of the major problems that results in lethal outcome due to lung metastases. Since ovarian steroids play an important role in the aetiology, the most effective prevention of mammary tumours is elective ovariectomy of the bitch at an early age.

Conhecimento De Tutores De Cães Sobre Tumor De Mama Em Cadelas

“…Provavelmente tal diferença está relacionada a diferenças socioeconômicas entre as regiões abordadas. A conduta detectada na pesquisa em questão diminui a possibilidade de diagnóstico precoce, fundamental em TM de cadelas (Gómez, Ramírez, Maldonado, 2012;Petrov et al, 2014).…”

Mammary Neoplasms in Female Dogs: Identification of Cytopathological Criteria for Malignancy

“…There is a great resemblance between tumors afflicting female dogs and women. Although very common in humans, such tumors occur up to three times more in canines [4,5]. It is still unknown whether the animal's breed is a factor in the incidence of the disease [6].…”

“…About 60% of the lumps are located in the caudal abdominal and inguinal pairs and this high incidence is possibly related to the larger volume of adipose tissue in these areas [5,7].…”

“…According to studies, older animals present higher chances of developing malignant tumors, which are also larger, as opposed to younger animals, which generally present benignant and smaller tumors [5].…”

“…Female dogs castrated before the first mating season present small chances of developing mammary neoplasms (around 0.5%) considering that their contact with gonadal hormones was brief and that there was no significant development of the mammary glands until the castration, therefore avoiding future complications. Other authors state that the chances of developing tumors drop to 0.05% [5,7]. When the animals are castrated after the first mating season, the risk increases to 8%, while in animals castrated after the second or subsequent mating seasons the risk increases to 26% [5,8,9].…”