Canine parvovirus: a predicting canine model for sepsis

Abstract

Background: Sepsis is a severe condition associated with high prevalence and mortality rates. Parvovirus enteritis is a predisposing factor for sepsis, as it promotes intestinal bacterial translocation and severe immunosuppression. This makes dogs infected by parvovirus a suitable study population as far as sepsis is concerned. The main objective of the present study was to evaluate the differences between two sets of SIRS (Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome) criteria in outcome prediction: SIRS 1991 and SIRS 2001. The possibility of stratifying and classifying septic dogs was assessed using a proposed animal adapted PIRO (Predisposition, Infection, Response and Organ dysfunction) scoring system. Results: The 72 dogs enrolled in this study were scored for each of the PIRO elements, except for Infection, as all were considered to have the same infection score, and subjected to two sets of SIRS criteria, in order to measure their correlation with the outcome. Concerning SIRS criteria, it was found that the proposed alterations on SIRS 2001 (capillary refill time or mucous membrane colour alteration) were significantly associated with the outcome (OR = 4.09, p < 0.05), contrasting with the 1991 SIRS criteria (p = 0.352) that did not correlate with the outcome. No significant statistical association was found between Predisposition (p = 1), Response (p = 0.1135), Organ dysfunction (p = 0.1135), total PIRO score (p = 0.093) and outcome. To explore the possibility of using the SIRS criteria as a fast decision-making tool, a Fast-and-Frugal tree (FFT) was created with a sensitivity of 92% and a specificity of 29%. Conclusion: These results suggest that increasing the SIRS criteria specificity may improve their prognostic value and their clinical usefulness. In order to improve the proposed PIRO scoring system outcome prediction ability, more specific criteria should be added, mainly inflammatory and organ dysfunction biomarkers.

The effect of short term peripheral parenteral nutrition on treatment outcomes and mortality in critically ill pediatric canine patients

“…Further investigation regarding these specific factors is justified. The mortality in our study coincides with the mortality observed in other studies that analyze the behavior of viral gastroenteritis in hospitalized puppies in which mortalities of 10 to 20% were observed [25,26]. A recent study that reports mortality of 19.4% in patients with viral gastroenteritis established that dogs that met the SIRS criteria on admission were about 4 times more likely to die than those who did not.…”

“…A recent study that reports mortality of 19.4% in patients with viral gastroenteritis established that dogs that met the SIRS criteria on admission were about 4 times more likely to die than those who did not. Higher mortality in patients without vaccination was also observed in this study [26]. In our hospital setting, as in the current study, it is very common for owners to present their pets in advanced stages of disease with severe dehydration and marked hemodynamic repercussions.…”

Hypophosphatemia in Dogs With Presumptive Sepsis: A Retrospective Study (2008–2018)

“…We set a rate of 40 breaths per minute as our respiratory criterion to reduce the likelihood that factors such as pain or anxiety might inadvertently lead to inclusion. Some investigators have used a respiratory rate of 30 to define SIRS ( 38 ), but it has been demonstrated that resting respiratory rates of normal dogs can be up to 30 breaths per minute ( 39 ). A rate of 40 breaths per minute was therefore used in the present study.…”

Acute Diarrhea in Dogs: Current Management and Potential Role of Dietary Polyphenols Supplementation

“…As regards antibacterial administration in canine acute diarrhea, it should be properly evaluated on a case-by-case basis, as it has been recently reported in a chronic disorder [ 30 ]. Different molecules (e.g., amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, and metronidazole) have been studied over time in AD, and it is now generally accepted that their use should be mainly reserved for those cases presenting sepsis, or at a clear risk of sepsis (evidence of infection associated to systemic inflammatory response syndrome) [ 5 , 6 , 10 , 54 , 55 , 56 ]. For instance, it has been shown that the administration of amoxicillin/clavulanic acid in dogs presenting with acute hemorrhagic diarrhea did not significantly improved parameters, such as severity of clinical signs, fecal consistency, and time of hospitalization, if compared with a placebo group [ 54 ].…”