“…At present, CPV-related pathogenic molecular mechanisms are mainly focused on the effects of NS1 protein on apoptosis, cell cycle, and related signaling pathways ( Gupta et al, 2016 ; Lin et al, 2019 ; Dai et al, 2020 ). In addition, studies have shown that the cellular DNA damage response triggered by the invading single-stranded parvovirus can induce cell cycle arrest, thereby creating a favorable environment for viral replication ( Chen and Qiu, 2010 ; Lou et al, 2012 ; Xu et al, 2019 ; Zhang et al, 2019 ; Dai et al, 2020 ). While as an important component of the viral capsid, the CPV VP2 protein not only determines the host range of the virus ( Hueffer and Parrish, 2003 ), but also serves as a key protein in inducing the host immune defense mechanism ( Sarabandi and Pourtaghi, 2023 ).…”