Canine parvovirus vaccination and immunisation failures: Are we far from disease eradication?

Decaro, Nicola; Buonavoglia, Canio; Barrs, Vanessa R.

doi:10.1016/j.vetmic.2020.108760

Cited by 96 publications

(109 citation statements)

References 86 publications

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“…Furthermore, the role of CPV variants in causing vaccination failure is debated. Several studies have demonstrated that currently available vaccines, including those prepared with the original CPV-2, confer a good degree of protection against CPV-2a, CPV-2b and CPV-2c [ 29 ]. Previous studies raised concerns regarding the efficacy of vaccines currently adopted for prophylaxis in dogs in providing full protection against the “Asian CPV-2c” [ 17 , 23 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The detection of canine parvovirus type 2c of Asian origin in dogs in Romania evidenced its progressive worldwide diffusion

et al. 2021

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Background Canine parvovirus (CPV) is one of the most important pathogens of dogs. Despite vaccination, CPV infections are still ubiquitous in dogs, and the three antigenic variants 2a, 2b and 2c are variously distributed in the canine population worldwide. To date, no information is available on CPV variants circulating in some European countries. The aim of this study was to genetically characterise the CPV detected in ten dogs with clinical signs of acute gastroenteritis in Romania. The presence of Carnivore protoparvovirus 1 DNA was investigated in faecal samples using an end-point PCR targeting the complete VP2 gene and positive amplicons were sequenced and analysed. Results All ten dogs with acute gastroenteritis tested positive to Carnivore protoparvovirus 1 DNA in faecal samples. The identified viruses belonged to CPV-2c type, showed identical sequences of the VP2 gene and were characterised by distinctive amino acid residues in the deduced VP2 protein: 5-glicine (5Gly), 267-tirosine (267Tyr), 324-isoleucine (324Ile) and 370-arginine (370Arg). These distinctive amino acid residues have already been reported in CPV-2c widespread in Asia and occasionally detected in Italy and Nigeria. Conclusions Since CPV-2c with VP2 amino acid residues 5Gly, 267Tyr, 324Ile and 370Arg were never reported before 2013, it can be assumed that this virus is progressively expanding its spread in the world dog population. This study adds new data about the presence of this new virus in Europe and underline worrying questions about its potential impact on the health of the canine population.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The detection of canine parvovirus type 2c of Asian origin in dogs in Romania evidenced its progressive worldwide diffusion

et al. 2021

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“…However, this tendency should be considered since CPV-2c variants have been frequently associated with CPV-2 outbreaks in vaccinated dogs [ 3 , 26 , 37 ]. To date, there is no consensus about the effectiveness of prototype CPV-2-based vaccines against heterologous CPV-2 variants [ 38 ]. However, the continuous and dynamic evolution of CPV-2c may pose a new challenge to the effectiveness of the vaccines currently in use.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Epidemiological Survey of Canine Parvovirus Circulating in China from 2014 to 2019

et al. 2021

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The global distribution of canine parvovirus (CPV-2) derived from a closely related carnivore parvovirus poses a considerable threat to the dog population. The virus is continuously undergoing genetic evolution, giving rise to several variants. To investigate the prevalence of Chinese CPV-2 strains in recent years, a total of 30 CPV-2 strains were collected from 2018 to 2021 and the VP2 gene was sequenced and analyzed. Two variants, new CPV-2a (297Ala, 426Asn) and CPV-2c (426Glu), were identified. In contrast to previous reports, the CPV-2c variant has gained an epidemiological advantage over the new CPV-2a variant in China. To compensate for the relatively small sample size, 683 Chinese CPV-2 strains identified between 2014 and 2019 were retrieved from the GenBank database and previous publications, and analyses of these strains further supported our findings, which should be considered since the CPV-2c variant has been frequently associated with immune failure in adult dogs. VP2 protein sequence analysis revealed several amino acid substitutions, including Ala5Gly, Pro13Ser, Phe267Tyr, Tyr324Ile, Gln370Arg, Thr440Ala, and Lys570Arg. Phylogenetic analysis of full-length VP2 gene indicated a close relationship between Chinese strains and other Asian strains, suggesting mutual transmission between Asian countries. Furthermore, intercontinental transmission is a cause for concern. Surprisingly, two feline panleukopenia virus (FPV) strains with the Ile101Thr mutation in the VP2 protein were identified in canine fecal samples; FPV has been considered incapable of infecting dogs. This study clarified the epidemic characteristics of Chinese CPV-2 strains detected between 2014 and 2019, offering a reference for epidemic control. In addition, the detection of FPV in canine samples may provide information for future studies on the evolution of carnivore parvoviruses.

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“…The prevalence of fPCR CPV positivity in this study was considerably higher than previously reported rates in studies using fPCR in Australia, 4,5 even after excluding low‐level detection cases. Positive CPV results in vaccinated dogs could represent true clinical disease due to primary or secondary vaccine failure, 25 or could represent vaccine interference, laboratory error or subclinical infection. Primary vaccine failure is defined as the inability of the vaccine to mount an appropriate and protective antibody response after vaccine administration 26,27 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Faecal PCR panel results and clinical findings in Western Australian dogs with diarrhoea

et al. 2020

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Canine parvovirus vaccination and immunisation failures: Are we far from disease eradication?

Cited by 96 publications

References 86 publications

The detection of canine parvovirus type 2c of Asian origin in dogs in Romania evidenced its progressive worldwide diffusion

The detection of canine parvovirus type 2c of Asian origin in dogs in Romania evidenced its progressive worldwide diffusion

Molecular Epidemiological Survey of Canine Parvovirus Circulating in China from 2014 to 2019

Faecal PCR panel results and clinical findings in Western Australian dogs with diarrhoea

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