. Activation of cannabinoid receptor 2 reduces inflammation in acute experimental pancreatitis via intra-acinar activation of p38 and MK2-dependent mechanisms. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 304: G181-G192, 2013. First published November 8, 2012 doi:10.1152/ajpgi.00133.2012.-The endocannabinoid system has been shown to mediate beneficial effects on gastrointestinal inflammation via cannabinoid receptors 1 (CB 1) and 2 (CB2). These receptors have also been reported to activate the MAP kinases p38 and c-Jun NH 2-terminal kinase (JNK), which are involved in early acinar events leading to acute pancreatitis and induction of proinflammatory cytokines. Our aim was to examine the role of cannabinoid receptor activation in an experimental model of acute pancreatitis and the potential involvement of MAP kinases. Cerulein pancreatitis was induced in wild-type, CB 1Ϫ/Ϫ, and MK2Ϫ/Ϫ mice pretreated with selective cannabinoid receptor agonists or antagonists. Severity of pancreatitis was determined by serum amylase and IL-6 levels, intracellular activation of pancreatic trypsinogen, lung myeloperoxidase activity, pancreatic edema, and histological examinations. Pancreatic lysates were investigated by Western blotting using phospho-specific antibodies against p38 and JNK. Quantitative PCR data, Western blotting experiments, and immunohistochemistry clearly show that CB 1 and CB2 are expressed in mouse pancreatic acini. During acute pancreatitis, an upregulation especially of CB 2 on apoptotic cells occurred. The unselective CB 1/CB2 agonist HU210 ameliorated pancreatitis in wild-type and CB 1Ϫ/Ϫ mice, indicating that this effect is mediated by CB 2. Furthermore, blockade of CB2, not CB1, with selective antagonists engraved pathology. Stimulation with a selective CB 2 agonist attenuated acute pancreatitis and an increased activation of p38 was observed in the acini. With use of MK2Ϫ/Ϫ mice, it could be demonstrated that this attenuation is dependent on MK2. Hence, using the MK2Ϫ/Ϫ mouse model we reveal a novel CB 2-activated and MAP kinase-dependent pathway that modulates cytokine expression and reduces pancreatic injury and affiliated complications. cannabinoids; CB 2; p38; MK2; experimental pancreatitis ACUTE PANCREATITIS HAS BEEN the subject of investigations for many years, and cytokines have become a new focus in the investigation of the pathophysiology of pancreatitis. Although the exact underlying mechanisms only begin to emerge, cytokines play a crucial role in the process of pancreatitis. Since multiple organ dysfunction syndrome is the primary cause for morbidity and mortality in acute pancreatitis (6, 64), there is a great need to understand the pathophysiological processes leading to this fatal complication. Here, TNF-␣ and IL-6 as proinflammatory cytokines play a predominant role (5, 6, 23). As a consequence of an inflammatory cascade triggered by induction of proinflammatory cytokines in acinar cells (39,45), neutrophil granulocytes immigrate into lung tissue (5, 49). This constitutes a key event in gene...