Cannabinoid receptors on peripheral leukocytes from patients with schizophrenia: Evidence for defective immunomodulatory mechanisms

Campos-Carli, Salvina Maria de; Araújo, Márcio Sobreira Silva; Silveira, Amanda Cardoso de Oliveira; Rezende, Vítor Bortolo de; Rocha, Natália Pessoa; Ferretjans, Rodrigo; Ribeiro-Santos, Rafael; Teixeira-Carvalho, Andréa; Martins‐Filho, Olindo Assis; Berk, Michael; Salgado, João Vinícius; Teixeira, Antônio Lúcio

doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2016.12.001

Cited by 23 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…This was identified in the human HL60 promyelocytic leukaemia cell line and has 44% homology to CB1. 13 CB2 has been described in human immune cell subsets, 8,11,12 particularly those of a myeloid lineage. 14 Since the identification of CB1/2, other putative cannabinoid receptors have been identified, including GPR18, 15 GPR55, 16 GPR119, 17 transient receptor potential channels, 18,19 and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors.…”

Section: The Endocannabinoid Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cannabis, Cannabinoids, and the Endocannabinoid System—Is there Therapeutic Potential for Inflammatory Bowel Disease?

Ambrose

Simmons

2018

Journal of Crohn's and Colitis

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Cannabis sativa and its extracts have been used for centuries, both medicinally and recreationally. There is accumulating evidence that exogenous cannabis and related cannabinoids improve symptoms associated with inflammatory bowel disease [IBD], such as pain, loss of appetite, and diarrhoea. In vivo , exocannabinoids have been demonstrated to improve colitis, mainly in chemical models. Exocannabinoids signal through the endocannabinoid system, an increasingly understood network of endogenous lipid ligands and their receptors, together with a number of synthetic and degradative enzymes and the resulting products. Modulating the endocannabinoid system using pharmacological receptor agonists, genetic knockout models, or inhibition of degradative enzymes have largely shown improvements in colitis in vivo . Despite these promising experimental results, this has not translated into meaningful benefits for human IBD in the few clinical trials which have been conducted to date, the largest study being limited by poor medication tolerance due to the Δ 9 -tetrahydrocannabinol component. This review article synthesises the current literature surrounding the modulation of the endocannabinoid system and administration of exocannabinoids in experimental and human IBD. Findings of clinical surveys and studies of cannabis use in IBD are summarised. Discrepancies in the literature are highlighted together with identifying novel areas of interest.

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Section: The Endocannabinoid Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cannabis, Cannabinoids, and the Endocannabinoid System—Is there Therapeutic Potential for Inflammatory Bowel Disease?

Ambrose

Simmons

2018

Journal of Crohn's and Colitis

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“…Similarly, no differences were observed in CB1r levels of peripheral immune cells by flow cytometry between control and schizophrenic patients, although a positive correlation between CB1r expression on monocytes and cognitive impairment was detected (296). However, an opposite result revealed an increase of CB1r in PBMCs of schizophrenic patients also evaluated by flow cytometry (297). Furthermore, there is an increase of CB1r mRNA levels in PBMCs of schizophrenic patients (298,299) that may correlate with a reduced DNA methylation of CNR1 promoter region (299).…”

Section: Human Studiesmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…In FEP patients, CB2r protein expression was significantly down-regulated together with reduced levels of eCBs synthesizing enzymes (NAPE-PLD and DAGL) (310). Interestingly, increased CB2r gene expression was found in schizophrenic patients' PBMCs (298), correlating with PANSS and cognitive performance severity (296,298), and in cells of the innate immune system (297). On the other hand, Ishiguro and cols.…”

Section: Human Studiesmentioning

confidence: 98%

Endocannabinoid System Components as Potential Biomarkers in Psychiatry

et al. 2020

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“…Accordingly, both exogenous cannabinoids and endocannabinoids suppress the production and release of proinflammatory cytokines in both peripheral organs and the CNS through CB 2 Rs [19,179]. Another study demonstrated higher CBR availability on innate immune cells and a simpler correlation network between cytokines and CBR expression among patients with schizophrenia than among controls [217]. Circulating endocannabinoid levels have been known to increase several fold during systemic inflammation [176].…”

Section: Common Points and Potential Interactions Between The Endomentioning

confidence: 99%

Kynurenines and the Endocannabinoid System in Schizophrenia: Common Points and Potential Interactions

et al. 2019

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Schizophrenia, which affects around 1% of the world’s population, has been described as a complex set of symptoms triggered by multiple factors. However, the exact background mechanisms remain to be explored, whereas therapeutic agents with excellent effectivity and safety profiles have yet to be developed. Kynurenines and the endocannabinoid system (ECS) play significant roles in both the development and manifestation of schizophrenia, which have been extensively studied and reviewed previously. Accordingly, kynurenines and the ECS share multiple features and mechanisms in schizophrenia, which have yet to be reviewed. Thus, the present study focuses on the main common points and potential interactions between kynurenines and the ECS in schizophrenia, which include (i) the regulation of glutamatergic/dopaminergic/γ-aminobutyric acidergic neurotransmission, (ii) their presence in astrocytes, and (iii) their role in inflammatory mechanisms. Additionally, promising pharmaceutical approaches involving the kynurenine pathway and the ECS will be reviewed herein.

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Cannabinoid receptors on peripheral leukocytes from patients with schizophrenia: Evidence for defective immunomodulatory mechanisms

Cited by 23 publications

References 44 publications

Cannabis, Cannabinoids, and the Endocannabinoid System—Is there Therapeutic Potential for Inflammatory Bowel Disease?

Cannabis, Cannabinoids, and the Endocannabinoid System—Is there Therapeutic Potential for Inflammatory Bowel Disease?

Endocannabinoid System Components as Potential Biomarkers in Psychiatry

Kynurenines and the Endocannabinoid System in Schizophrenia: Common Points and Potential Interactions

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