Cannabinoid residuals in tissues of lambs fed spent hemp biomass and consumer's exposure assessment

Irawan, Agung; Muchiri, Ruth N.; Parker, Nathan B.; van Breemen, Richard B.; Ates, Serkan; Bionaz, Massimo

doi:10.1016/j.fct.2024.114848

Food and Chemical Toxicology

2024

DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2024.114848

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Cannabinoid residuals in tissues of lambs fed spent hemp biomass and consumer's exposure assessment

Agung Irawan,

Ruth N. Muchiri,

Nathan B. Parker

et al.

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2024

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Cited by 3 publications

References 37 publications

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Bioefficiency of microencapsulated hemp leaf phytonutrient-based extracts to enhance in vitro rumen fermentation and mitigate methane production

Phupaboon,

Matra,

Prommachart

et al. 2024

PLoS ONE

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The objective was to assess the supplementation with microencapsulation of hemp leaf extract (mHLE) utilized as a rumen enhancer on in vitro rumen fermentation and to enhance the bioavailability of active compounds for antimicrobial action, particularly in protozoa and methanogen populations. The feed treatments were totally randomized in the experimental design, with different levels of mHLE diet supplemented at 0, 4, 6 and 8% of total DM substrate and added to an R:C ratio of 60:40. During fermentation, gas kinetics production, nutrient degradability, ammonia nitrogen concentration, volatile fatty acid (VFA) profiles, methane production, and the microbial population were measured. The supplemented treatment at 6% of total DM substrate affected reductions in gas kinetics, cumulative gas production, and volatile fatty acid profiles, especially the acetate and acetate to propionate ratio. Whereas propionate proportion and total volatile fatty acid concentration were enhanced depending on the increase of nutrients in vitro dry matter degradability (IVDMD) after 12 h of post-fermentation at a R:C ratio of 60:40 (P < 0.05). Consequently, mHLE addition resulted in optimal ruminal pH and increased nutrient degradability, followed by ammonia nitrogen concentrations (P < 0.05), which were enhanced by dominant cellulolytic bacteria, particularly Ruminococcus albus and Ruminococcus flavefaciens, which showed the highest growth rates in the rumen ecology. Therefore, mHLE, a rich phytonutrient feed additive, affected the methanogen population, reduced the calculated methane production and can be a potential supplement in the ruminant diet.

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Bioefficiency of microencapsulated hemp leaf phytonutrient-based extracts to enhance in vitro rumen fermentation and mitigate methane production

Phupaboon,

Matra,

Prommachart

et al. 2024

PLoS ONE

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Liver Transcriptomic Profiles of Ruminant Species Fed Spent Hemp Biomass Containing Cannabinoids

Irawan,

Bionaz

2024

Genes

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The inclusion of spent hemp biomass (SHB), an extracted byproduct from industrial cannabidiol (CBD) production, in the diets of dairy cows and lambs appears to be safe with minor effects on the metabolism, including a decrease in circulating cholesterol and increase bilirubinemia, both associated with liver metabolism. Those effects could be consequence of the presence of cannabinoids, particularly Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and CBD in the SHB. This study aimed to study the transcriptional profile of the liver of dairy cows and lambs fed SHB. Dairy cows received SHB or alfalfa pellet for four weeks of intervention (IP) and four weeks of withdrawal periods (WP). Finishing lambs were fed a control diet (CON), 10% (LH2), or 20% (HH2) SHB for 2 months or 1 month followed by 1-month SHB withdrawal (LH1 and HH1, respectively). RNA sequencing was performed, and the mRNA was annotated using the latest reference genomes. The RNAseq data were filtered, normalized for library size and composition, and statistically analyzed by DESeq2. The bioinformatic analysis was performed by using DAVID, Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA), and the Dynamic Impact Approach. Using a 0.2 FDR cut-off, we identified only ≤24 differentially expressed genes (DEG) in the liver by feeding SHB in dairy cows and a larger number of DEGs in lambs (from 71 in HH1 vs. CON to 552 in LH1 vs. CON). The KEGG analysis demonstrated that feeding SHB in dairy cows and lambs had relatively minor to moderate metabolic alterations in dairy cows and lambs mainly associated with amino acids and lipid metabolism whereas cholesterol synthesis was overall activated in lambs. GSEA identified activation of the PPAR signaling pathway only in dairy cows. We found an opposite effect on activation of metabolism of drug and xenobiotics by cytochrome P450 enzymes in dairy cows and lambs receiving less SHB but an inhibition in HH2 lambs. Immune system-related pathways were inhibited by feeding SHB in lambs, but the impact was minor. Cumulatively, inclusion of SHB containing cannabinoids in dairy and lambs demonstrate very little effects on the alteration of transcriptomic profile of the liver.

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A Systematic Review: Assessment of the Metabolomic Profile and Anti-Nutritional Factors of Cannabis sativa as a Feed Additive for Ruminants

Ntsoane,

Nemukondeni,

Nemadodzi

2024

Metabolites

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Background: Cannabis sativa is a high-value crop that can be cultivated for ruminant’s feed and medicinal purposes. The demand for Cannabis and Cannabis products has increased since the beginning of 21st century. Objectives: The increase in the production cost of high-protein feeds such as lucerne has led to an urgent need to investigate alternative high-protein sources. Methods: Cannabis has been identified as an alternative to lucerne due to its high protein content. Results: However, the cultivation and uses of Cannabis and its by-products in South Africa is limited due to the strict legislation. The metabolites and nutritional value of Cannabis are influenced by growing conditions and soil type. Furthermore, the available literature has shown that Cannabis contains anti-nutritional factors that may affect feed intake or bioavailability and digestibility. Conclusion: Therefore, it is crucial to employ a processing method that can reduce anti-nutritional factors to promote the feed intake and growth rate of sheep. Fermentation, as a processing method, can reduce anti-nutritional factors found in Cannabis, which will make it a palatable alternative feed supplement for ruminants such as Dorper sheep. Overall, this review paper aimed to examine the available literature on the use of Cannabis as an alternative high-protein feed supplement for Dorper sheep in South Africa.

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Cannabinoid residuals in tissues of lambs fed spent hemp biomass and consumer's exposure assessment

Cited by 3 publications

References 37 publications

Bioefficiency of microencapsulated hemp leaf phytonutrient-based extracts to enhance in vitro rumen fermentation and mitigate methane production

Bioefficiency of microencapsulated hemp leaf phytonutrient-based extracts to enhance in vitro rumen fermentation and mitigate methane production

Liver Transcriptomic Profiles of Ruminant Species Fed Spent Hemp Biomass Containing Cannabinoids

A Systematic Review: Assessment of the Metabolomic Profile and Anti-Nutritional Factors of Cannabis sativa as a Feed Additive for Ruminants

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