Cannabinoids and Terpenes as Chemotaxonomic markers in Cannabis

Elzinga, Sytze; Fischedick, Justin T.; Podkolinski, Richard; Raber, Jeffrey C.

doi:10.37247/pac.1.2020.2

Cited by 43 publications

(72 citation statements)

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“…Bar plots of the mean with 99% confidence intervals for each of the 19 terpenoids across all 2,237 cultivar samples are shown in Figure 2. The combined terpenoid sample data illustrates the highest prevalence for β-myrcene, limonene, β-caryophyllene, α-pinene, α-humulene and β-pinene, similar to what others have previously reported [7,12,17]. Segregation of the same terpenoid data by cluster assignment revealed unique terpenoid chemoprofiles in comparison to the largely uniform non-discriminating cannabinoid data (Figure 3).…”

Section: Cannabinoids Terpenoidssupporting

confidence: 81%

“…While some have previously reported that chemoprofile data from replicate samples of the same cannabis cultivar do not necessarily cluster together by PCA, demonstrating the inherent variability in the observed chemical fingerprint even within the same cultivar in a restricted geographic region [17]. Others have shown that replicatelygrown batches of the same cannabis cultivar produce remarkably consistent chemoprofiles [11] and that the three distinct genetic groups of BLDT, NLDT and hemp also show distinct terpenoid profiles overall [21].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Previous groups have made great strides in demonstrating that terpenoid content can be used to distinguish cannabis strains, varieties or cultivars based on the nomenclature in use [11,12,17]. These studies have also highlighted the importance of obtaining cannabis samples of sufficient size and representativeness to result in a valid test [18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Terpenoid Chemoprofiles Distinguish Drug-type Cannabis sativa L. Cultivars in Nevada

Orser¹,

Johnson²,

Speck³

et al. 2018

Nat Prod Chem Res

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An unintended consequence of state-mandated cannabis testing regulations has been the resulting database from the analysis of thousands of individual cannabis flower samples from artificially restricted geographical regions. The resulting detailed chemical database can serve as the basis for the development of a chemotaxonomic classification scheme outside of conjectural cultivar naming by strain. Chemotaxonomic classification schemes for cannabis cultivars have previously been reported by others based largely on cannabis strains grown in California under an unregulated testing environment or in Europe from strains grown by a single cultivator. In this study 2,237 individual cannabis flower samples, representing 204 individual strains across 27 cultivators in a tightly regulated Nevada cannabis testing market, were analyzed across 11 cannabinoids and 19 terpenoids. Even though 98.3% of the samples were from Type I cannabis strains by cannabidiolic acid/tetrahydrocannabinolic acid (THCA) ratio of <0.5 CBDA, principal component analysis (PCA) of the combined dataset resulted in three distinct clusters that were distinguishable by terpene profiles alone. Further dissection of individual strains by cultivators within clusters revealed striking fidelity of terpenoid profiles and also revealed a few outliers. We propose that three terpenoid cluster assignments account for the diversity of drug type cannabis strains currently being grown in Nevada.

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Section: Cannabinoids Terpenoidssupporting

confidence: 81%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Terpenoid Chemoprofiles Distinguish Drug-type Cannabis sativa L. Cultivars in Nevada

Orser¹,

Johnson²,

Speck³

et al. 2018

Nat Prod Chem Res

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“…4). Several authors have advocated the profiling of both cannabinoids and terpenoids in recent publications (Fischedick et al, 2010;Elzinga et al, 2015;Aizpurua-Olaizola et al, 2016;Hazekamp et al, 2016;Fischedick, 2017;Lewis et al, 2018;Orser et al, 2018;Richins et al, 2018;Sexton et al, 2018). The key advantage of this approach over merely profiling cannabinoids lies in the enormous diversity of terpenoids accumulated in cannabis (and in other plants as well), which significantly increases the power of statistical analyses.…”

Section: Utility Of Metabolite Profiling For Strain Differentiationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gene Networks Underlying Cannabinoid and Terpenoid Accumulation in Cannabis

et al. 2019

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Glandular trichomes are specialized anatomical structures that accumulate secretions with important biological roles in plantenvironment interactions. These secretions also have commercial uses in the flavor, fragrance, and pharmaceutical industries. The capitate-stalked glandular trichomes of Cannabis sativa (cannabis), situated on the surfaces of the bracts of the female flowers, are the primary site for the biosynthesis and storage of resins rich in cannabinoids and terpenoids. In this study, we profiled nine commercial cannabis strains with purportedly different attributes, such as taste, color, smell, and genetic origin. Glandular trichomes were isolated from each of these strains, and cell type-specific transcriptome data sets were acquired. Cannabinoids and terpenoids were quantified in flower buds. Statistical analyses indicated that these data sets enable the high-resolution differentiation of strains by providing complementary information. Integrative analyses revealed a coexpression network of genes involved in the biosynthesis of both cannabinoids and terpenoids from imported precursors. Terpene synthase genes involved in the biosynthesis of the major monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes routinely assayed by cannabis testing laboratories were identified and functionally evaluated. In addition to cloning variants of previously characterized genes, specifically CsTPS14CT [(2)-limonene synthase] and CsTPS15CT (b-myrcene synthase), we functionally evaluated genes that encode enzymes with activities not previously described in cannabis, namely CsTPS18VF and CsTPS19BL (nerolidol/linalool synthases), CsTPS16CC (germacrene B synthase), and CsTPS20CT (hedycaryol synthase). This study lays the groundwork for developing a better understanding of the complex chemistry and biochemistry underlying resin accumulation across commercial cannabis strains.

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“…As regards Cannabis sativa composition, beyond and besides cannabinoids, a substantial amount of the approximately 500 compounds (terpenes, flavonoids, stilbenoids, fatty acids, alkaloids, carbohydrates, and phenols) are described [21]. Terpenes represent the volatile component of the plant and have been proven to have a synergic action with cannabinoids [19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quality Traits of Medical Cannabis sativa L. Inflorescences and Derived Products Based on Comprehensive Mass-Spectrometry Analytical Investigation

Calvi¹,

Pavlović²,

Panseri³

et al. 2019

Recent Advances in Cannabinoid Research

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Cannabis sativa L. has been cultivated throughout the world for industrial and medical purposes and is the most controversial plant ever exploited, with considerable discrepancies in the praise and disapproval it receives. Medical Cannabis prescriptions are on the increase in several countries where its therapeutic use is authorised due to its positive role in treating several pathologies even if it represents a multifaceted reality in terms of application. There are at least 550 identified compounds in C. sativa L., including more than 100 phytocannabinoids and 120 terpenes. The chemical complexity of its bioactive constituents highlights the need for standardised and well-defined analytical approaches able to characterise plant chemotype and herbal drug quality as well as to monitor the quality of pharmaceutical cannabis extracts and preparations. This research highlights the potential of using different analytical procedures involving the combination of headspacesolid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) coupled to GC-MS and accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) coupled to high resolution mass-spectrometry (HPLC-Q Orbitrap®) for the indepth profiling of quality traits in authorised medical varieties of Cannabis sativa L. flos (Bediol®) and corresponding macerated oil preparations. This approach could add new knowledge to the field of "omic" analytical applications which are fundamental nowadays for Cannabis used for therapeutic remedies.

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Cannabinoids and Terpenes as Chemotaxonomic markers in Cannabis

Cited by 43 publications

References 0 publications

Terpenoid Chemoprofiles Distinguish Drug-type Cannabis sativa L. Cultivars in Nevada

Terpenoid Chemoprofiles Distinguish Drug-type Cannabis sativa L. Cultivars in Nevada

Gene Networks Underlying Cannabinoid and Terpenoid Accumulation in Cannabis

Quality Traits of Medical Cannabis sativa L. Inflorescences and Derived Products Based on Comprehensive Mass-Spectrometry Analytical Investigation

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