Cannabis Abuse and Psychiatric Morbidityz

Upadhyaya, Kapil Dev

doi:10.31729/jnma.582

Cited by 3 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 10 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…However, generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, or social anxiety disorder are not significantly associated with cannabis use [40]. A Nepali study reports panic disorder as the most common presentation among cannabis users [41] and other one reports 4% of OCD patients visiting a psychiatry clinic to abuse cannabis [42]. There is a low quality of evidence suggesting a single dose CBD 600mg given to individuals with social anxiety disorder showing improved scores on visual analog scale in simulated public speaking test in comparison to placebo [26].…”

Section: Anxiety Disordermentioning

confidence: 99%

"Considerations for the Use of Medical Cannabis: An Overview of Benefits and Harms"

Shakya¹,

Upadhaya

Neupane

et al. 2021

BJSTR

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Cannabis are products of the plants Cannabis Sativa and Cannabis Indica [1]. Cannabis is the most abused illicit drug and is cultivated in 151 nations [2]. Cannabinoids are major pharmacologically active compounds in cannabis which exist mainly as: endocannabinoids, phyto-cannabinoids and synthetic cannabinoids [3]. Endocannabinoids (like anandamide), synthesized by human body, act on cannabinoid receptors (CB): CB1 (brain) and CB2 (immune system) of endocannabinoid system which plays a key role in maintaining body homeostasis. Phyto-cannabinoids are exogenous plant-derived cannabinoids concentrated in oil resin of the buds and the leaves of cannabis plants with affinity for mammalian cannabinoid receptors. Of more than 113 cannabinoids known, tetrahydrocannabinol (THC, a major psychoactive compound) and cannabidiol (CBD, showing therapeutic potential) are major Phyto cannabinoids [4-6]. Synthetic Cannabinoids (like nabilone) are labmade molecules designed to mimic Phyto-cannabinoids action. To date, Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved one cannabis-derived drug product (direct plant extract): Epidiolex (cannabidiol) and three synthetic cannabis-related products (synthetic isolates): Marinol (dronabinol), Syndros (dronabinol) and Cesamet (nabilone) [7]. Cannabis use is either 'medical' (treating symptoms/ conditions) or 'recreational' (getting high) [8]. Cannabis is kept under schedule-I (research and medical) drug and is prohibited ARTICLE INFO STRUCTURED ABSTRACTIntroduction: Cannabis use to treat various diseases or symptoms is not clearly defined. The purpose of this review is to explore the existing evidence regarding the harms and benefits of cannabis use across multiple illnesses. Material and Methods:Search for articles for this review was performed in PubMed, Google Scholar and PsycINFO. We summarize and discuss recent evidence regarding cannabis use in multiple neurological (including seizures, neurodegenerative disorders, multiple sclerosis), psychiatric (including depression, bipolar disorder, anxiety and psychotic illness) and other diseases (including chronic pain, cancer, vomiting, cardiovascular diseases, COVID-19). Results:The collated body of evidence shows that the benefit of its use (medicinal or recreational) mostly lacks adequate evidence warranting for further study. In pretext of already available better options (with better efficacy and safety), the consideration of this agent is seriously debatable. Conclusion:Harms or adverse effects of cannabis use clearly are evidence based and are at times serious (e.g. psychosis association), mainly from mental health perspective. Hence, its use should not be suggested and needs serious consideration before using it.

show abstract

Section: Anxiety Disordermentioning

confidence: 99%

"Considerations for the Use of Medical Cannabis: An Overview of Benefits and Harms"

Shakya¹,

Upadhaya

Neupane

et al. 2021

BJSTR

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…48 A study in western Nepal showed 50% of drug users started using drugs before the age 20. 49 In most of the studies in Nepal as in abroad; males outnumber females. [37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48]50 However, in one study among 78 dental students who used cannabis, females outnumbered male users of which 53 (67.95%) were females.…”

Section: Age Of Onset and Gender Comparison About Cannabismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A study from Western Regional Hospital, Nepal showed panic disorder as the most common induced disorder after using cannabis (9/37 patients) who visited psychiatric OPD. 49 A case-control study was conducted with 30 total cases taking cannabis for a duration longer than 3 months with the frequency of sticks more than 6/months with 30 control groups from medical students. This research did not show any difference in anxiety levels between case and control, whereas alcohol and cigarette use was higher among cannabis users.…”

Section: Cannabis and Anxietymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Improvement was seen within 2-4 weeks of stopping cannabis and with a small dose of antipsychotics. 49 A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted to study contributory factors for relapse among 95 schizophrenia patients coming to inpatient psychiatry services at Nepal Medical College Teaching Hospital. Substance dependence was a significant factor in the non-adherent group; 8 out of 11 cannabis dependence cases were from the nonadherent group.…”

Section: Psychosis Schizophrenia Adherence and Cannabismentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Cannabis Use and Abuse in Nepal: A Review of Studies

Shakya

Upadhaya

Thapa³

2021

J Nepal Med Assoc

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Nepal is a geographically, ecologically, bio-culturally and ethnically diverse country. Cannabis has been a flora, used in various forms and ways and its effect has been variably a matter of concern in Nepal. Perception to its use has also been changing with time with the dynamics of various factors and trends around and in the world. The views of its proponents at times appear with relatively more powerful influence among people though the views of the opponents seem less, and relatively less influential. Proponents advocate for its legalization with highlights of its different uses and benefits whereas opponents, mainly mental health professionals point out sporadically its adverse consequences, mainly in psychological health. The purpose of this review is to explore the existing literature regarding cannabis use and abuse in Nepal. Search for articles for this review was performed in PubMed, Google Scholar, and Nepal Journal Online. We summarize and discuss about cannabis in various aspects in the Nepalese context. The overarching objective is to reflect upon the ongoing debate regarding its harm and benefits, thereby upon the issue of its legalization in Nepal.

show abstract

“…Significant works have been published in relation to alcohol and drug abuse during the last one decade. There are prevalence studies on alcohol dependence,[ 4 ] psychopathology in alcohol exposed children,[ 16 ] alcohol abuse among women in Nepal,[ 17 18 ] alcohol and other substance abuse among junior doctors and medical students,[ 19 ] risk factors for drug abuse,[ 7 ] profiles of inpatient drug and alcohol abusers[ 12 ], cannabis abusers[ 20 ], injection drug abusers[ 21 22 ] and family burden in opioid dependence patients. [ 23 ]…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contribution of Indian psychiatry in the development of psychiatry in Nepal

Aich¹

2010

Indian J Psychiatry

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Psychiatric services remained virtually unknown in Nepal until 1961. The first psychiatric outpatient service was started in 1961, at Bir Hospital, Kathmandu. In 1984, the Psychiatry Department at Bir Hospital was separated and a mental hospital was created, which was later shifted to its current location at Lagankhel, Patan, in Kathmandu valley, in 1985. It is the only mental hospital in Nepal with a current bed strength of 50 beds. The new era in medical learning and teaching was ushered in Nepal with the establishment of the Institute of Medicine (IOM) under the Tribhuban University and the 400-bed Tribhuban University-Teaching Hospital (TU-Teaching Hospital), in the year 1983. BP Koirala Institute of Health Sciences (BPKIHS) at Dharan was established in 1993, as a part of the joint Indo–Nepal collaboration on developing an international standard teaching, training, and research-oriented medical institute similar to AIIMS, New Delhi. During the last one-and-half decades a number of privately run medical colleges have come up in Nepal. Outpatient and inpatient Psychiatry Departments have been established in most of these government as well as private medical institutes. At present, the postgraduate course (MD) in psychiatry has been running in two government-run institutes as well as three privately run medical colleges. Indian psychiatrists have played and are still playing significant roles in establishing as well as maintaining Psychiatry Departments, especially in the private sector medical colleges. They have also contributed to the growth of psychiatry research and postgraduate teaching in psychiatry, in Nepal.

show abstract

Cannabis Abuse and Psychiatric Morbidityz

Abstract: Panic disorder was seen as the most common presentation amongst the cannabis users who presented in thepsychiatric out patients of Western regional hospital for the treatment.Key Words: Panic disorder, Cannabis.

Cited by 3 publications

References 10 publications

"Considerations for the Use of Medical Cannabis: An Overview of Benefits and Harms"

"Considerations for the Use of Medical Cannabis: An Overview of Benefits and Harms"

Cannabis Use and Abuse in Nepal: A Review of Studies

Contribution of Indian psychiatry in the development of psychiatry in Nepal

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About