Cannabis and mental illness in adolescents: a review

Paruk, Saeeda; Burns, Jonathan K.

doi:10.1080/20786190.2014.978106

Cited by 12 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Beyond these, the current evidence of marijuana use being associated with increased odds of suicidal behavior is consistent with key findings by earlier and recent primary studies and systematic reviews (Almansour & Siziya, 2017;Borges & Loera, 2010;Carvalho et al, 2019;Gobbi et al, 2019;Tetteh et al, 2020). Evidence suggests that marijuana use has adverse health outcomes among adolescents: it impairs memory and judgement, and complicates the course of loneliness and depression, thereby elevating the risk for suicidal behaviors (Borges & Loera, 2010;Paruk & Burns, 2016;Volkow et al, 2014). Urgent concerted efforts are needed to formulate and implement regulations and control measures and policies against the unfettered access and use of marijuana (and other illicit drugs) by young people in the Eswatini (Mkhatshwa & Malambe, 2019).…”

Section: Factors Associated With Suicidal Behaviorssupporting

confidence: 83%

Suicidal Behaviors in a Nationally Representative Sample of School-Going Adolescents Aged 12–17 Years in Eswatini

et al. 2021

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The burgeoning body of evidence suggests that the aggregated 12-month prevalence estimates of suicidal behaviors (ideation, planning, and attempt) are relatively higher among in-school adolescents in Africa, although country-specific data on the phenomena are still inadequate from the continent. We sought to estimate the 12-month prevalence and identify some of the correlates of suicide behaviors among school-going adolescents in Eswatini. We analyzed the nationally representative data from the 2013 Eswatini World Health Organization Global School-based Student Health Survey, using univariate, bivariate, and multivariate statistical approaches. Of the 2,513 analytical samples, 17.0% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 15.4–18.4%) reported suicidal ideation, 21.0% (95% CI: 19.3–22.6%) made a suicide plan, and 15.5% (95% CI: 14.1–16.9%) attempted suicide during the previous 12 months. The final adjusted logistic models indicated health risk behavior (i.e., marijuana use), adverse interpersonal factors within the family (e.g., intrusion of privacy by parents), and school contextual factors (e.g., bullying victimization, physical fights) to be associated with increased odds of suicidal behaviors among females. However, predominantly, school-related interpersonal factors (e.g., bullying victimization, physical fights) showed strong associations with increased odds of suicidal behaviors among males. Generally, parental monitoring, parental understanding, and social support at school were associated with reduced odds of suicidal behaviors. The multi-level nature of our findings underscores the need for multi-contextual and multi-sectoral intervention and prevention programs and policy approaches targeted at mitigating the onset of suicidal ideation and possible transition to suicidal planning, attempt, and potential death by suicide in this young population.

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Section: Factors Associated With Suicidal Behaviorssupporting

confidence: 83%

Suicidal Behaviors in a Nationally Representative Sample of School-Going Adolescents Aged 12–17 Years in Eswatini

et al. 2021

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“…Regular use of marijuana during adolescence is of particular concern due to the associated likelihood of adverse health consequences, including the impairment of memory, judgement and personality; 10 it has also been implicated for increased risk of moderate to severe negative mental health outcomes including bipolar, mood disorders, anxiety, cognitive, depressive disorders, suicide attempt and eventual suicide. 11 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Marijuana use and repeated attempted suicide among senior high school students in Ghana: Evidence from the WHO Global School-Based Student Health Survey, 2012

et al. 2020

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BackgroundThe association between substance use including marijuana use and attempted suicide has been well documented. However, little is known about marijuana use and its association with attempted suicide repetition among young people in low-income and middle-income contexts.AimsThis analysis was conducted to assess the factors associated with marijuana use and ascertain marijuana use as a determinant of repeated attempted suicide among senior high school (SHS) students in Ghana.MethodsData from the 2012 Global School-Based Student Health Survey in Ghana was used for this study. Modified Poisson, Logistic and Probit models weighted with Mahalanobis distance matching within propensity calliper were employed separately to determine the hypothetical association between marijuana use and repeated attempted suicide. All analysis was performed using Stata 16 and p≤0.05 was deemed statistically significant.ResultsThe prevalence estimates of marijuana use and repeated attempted suicide among SHS students in Ghana were 3.4% (95% CI: 2.3 to 5.1) and 11.5% (95% CI: 9.1 to 14.4), respectively. The prevalence of marijuana use was significantly associated with school grade, smoking exposure, parent smoker, alcohol intake and truancy. Marijuana use was positively associated with repeated attempted suicide among SHS in Ghana (φ correlation=0.23, p<0.001). Repeated attempted suicide among students who use marijuana was approximately threefold and fivefold significant compared with non-marijuana use students, based on the Poisson (adjusted prevalence ratio: 3.02; 95% CI: 1.67 to 5.43, p<0.001) and Logistic (adjusted OR:5.06; 95% CI: 3.19 to 11.64, p<0.001) estimates respectively. Also, the Probit model showed that marijuana use significantly increased the log count of repeated attempted suicide by 95% (aβ: 0.95; 95% CI: 0.49 to 1.41, p<0.001).ConclusionMarijuana use does not only influence the onset of suicidal attempts but also repeated attempted suicide among SHS students in Ghana. Special attention is required for suicide attempters with a history of repeated attempts and current marijuana use among SHS students in Ghana. Early identification of the potential risk and protective factors is recommended to inform school-based interventions. National level structured school-based substance abuse interventions and health promotion programmes would be useful.

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“…The review of 68 articles by Memedovich, Dowsett, Spackman, Noseworthy and Clement (2018) revealed that marijuana is a risk factor health disorder, brain change, and cognitive outcome. A review by Paruk and Burns (2015) tried to ascertain the relationship between marijuana exposure and mental illness in adolescents drawing from a review of studies, the study concludes that marijuana use can be considered a risk factor for mental illnesses in later life. Hanna, Perez and Ghose (2017) review on cannabis and its association with psychiatric disorder found as a substantial relationship between cannabis and increase risk of psychosis disorder.…”

Section: Empirical Evidence Of Marijuana and Mental Healthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Systematic and Statistical Analysis of Public Knowledge of Marijuana Addiction and Psychosis Mental Health Outcome Youths in Calabar

et al. 2022

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Nigeria ranks among the highest consumers of marijuana global and the youths are among the highest demographic of consumers. But there is dearth of evidence that people know about the dangers inherent in being addicted to marijuana. This study examined public knowledge of marijuana addiction and risk of psychosis mental health outcome among youths in Calabar. The survey method through the distribution of self-administered semi structured was used to elicit data from a sample of 384, selected from Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria using the stratified, purposive and random sampling technique. Data collected was analyzed using descriptive statistics using such as frequency distribution, percentages, figures and inferential statistics in the form of independent T-test. Results revealed that there is public knowledge of the marijuana addiction and psychotic. there is need for the government and its Drug enforcement agency to formulate drastic laws and put in place punitive measures that will curb the distribution, sale and consumption of marijuana

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Cannabis and mental illness in adolescents: a review

Abstract: REVIEWSouth African Family Practice 2016 ; 58(S1):S18-S21 http://dx

Cited by 12 publications

References 38 publications

Suicidal Behaviors in a Nationally Representative Sample of School-Going Adolescents Aged 12–17 Years in Eswatini

Suicidal Behaviors in a Nationally Representative Sample of School-Going Adolescents Aged 12–17 Years in Eswatini

Marijuana use and repeated attempted suicide among senior high school students in Ghana: Evidence from the WHO Global School-Based Student Health Survey, 2012

Systematic and Statistical Analysis of Public Knowledge of Marijuana Addiction and Psychosis Mental Health Outcome Youths in Calabar

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