Cannabis legalization and driving under the influence of cannabis in a national U.S. Sample

Dutra, Lauren M.; Farrelly, Matthew C.; Gourdet, Camille; Bradfield, Brian

doi:10.1016/j.pmedr.2022.101799

Cited by 3 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Similarly, an analysis of U.S. data from the International Cannabis Policy Study found a higher prevalence of DUIC in states that permitted legal recreational cannabis sales compared with those without legal recreational sales; they also found variation in this relationship by frequency of cannabis use (Lensch et al, 2020). An analysis of the National Cannabis Climate Survey (NCCS) found significantly lower risk of DUIC in states with recreational and medical cannabis and medical cannabis only, compared with states without legal cannabis; this study also found variation in this relationship by frequency of cannabis use (Dutra et al, 2019).…”

supporting

confidence: 48%

“…All demographic covariates were maintained in models (regardless of significance) to create comparability with previous analyses (Dutra et al, 2019). As described previously (Dever, 2018;Dutra et al, 2021), we used jackknife weights to calibrate groups of participants recruited by different methods to each other to ensure realistic standard errors (Dever, 2018;Dutra et al, 2021;Kott, 2019;Ridenhour & Kott, 2018).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…All analyses were adjusted by state cannabis legal status to account for the effect of cannabis legal status on perceptions about the legality of DUIC. As described in a previous analyses (Dutra et al, 2019(Dutra et al, , 2021, in 2018, we categorized states as having legal recreational and medical cannabis, medical cannabis only, or neither at the time of survey administration based on their effective date. Laws had to be in effect 1 month or more by the time that the survey was completed online or received by mail (between 2016 and 2017).…”

Section: Exposure Variablesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Based on previous analyses demonstrating variation in DUIC by frequency of cannabis use (Dutra et al, 2019;Lensch et al, 2020), we included dichotomous cannabis use in all models (frequent, 20 days or greater in the past 30 days, vs. less frequent, less than 20 days in the past 30) based on responses to the question "During the past 30 days, on how many days did you use any type of marijuana? "…”

Section: Exposure Variablesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To address the limitations of the existing literature on legalization and DUIC, this analysis examined perceived safety and perceived legality of DUIC as mediators of the relationship between legalization and self-reported DUIC among current cannabis users while accounting for state drugged driving laws. This analysis builds on a previous analysis of the NCCS that established a lower prevalence of DUIC in states with recreational cannabis and medical only cannabis (vs. no legal cannabis), with some variation in this relationship by frequency of cannabis use (Dutra et al, 2019).…”

mentioning

confidence: 98%

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Perceived Safety, Not Perceived Legality, Mediates the Relationship Between Cannabis Legalization and Drugged Driving

et al. 2022

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Cannabis legalization has rapidly spread throughout the United States and is associated with multiple public health outcomes, including driving under the influence of cannabis (DUIC). To improve understanding of the relationship between legalization and DUIC, we tested two potential mediators of this relationship: perceived safety and perceived legality of driving high. We analyzed data from 1,236 current (past 30-day) cannabis users who were recruited from states with recreational, medical only, or no legal cannabis between 2016 and 2017 using address-based and social media samples. Using a generalized linear model and adjusting for cannabis legalization, demographics, living in a state with a cannabis-specific drugged driving law, frequency of cannabis use, and weights, we found that perceived safety (risk ratio [RR] = 2.60, 95% CI [1.88, 3.58]), but not perceived legality (RR = 0.96, 95% CI [0.67, 1.37]), was significantly associated with DUIC. Perceived safety mediated the relationship between legalization and DUIC (Coeff: −0.12, 95% CI [−0.23, −0.01]). Models stratified by frequency of cannabis use yielded results consistent with those of pooled models except that, for frequent users, cannabis-specific driving laws were associated with a significantly lower risk of DUIC (RR = 0.64, 95% CI [0.44, 0.92]). Agencies developing cannabis-focused drugged driving educational campaigns should consider the potential role of perceived safety of driving high in DUIC campaigns.

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supporting

confidence: 48%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Exposure Variablesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Exposure Variablesmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 98%

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Perceived Safety, Not Perceived Legality, Mediates the Relationship Between Cannabis Legalization and Drugged Driving

et al. 2022

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Driving after substance use in Rhode Island adolescents: A cross-sectional analysis of surveillance data

Noel,

Rosenthal,

Torres

et al. 2024

Traffic Injury Prevention

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Driving-related behaviors, attitudes, and perceptions among Australian medical cannabis users: results from the CAMS 20 survey

Arkell,

Abelev,

Mills

et al. 2023

J Cannabis Res

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Road safety is an important concern amidst expanding worldwide access to legal cannabis. The present study reports on the driving-related subsection of the Cannabis as Medicine Survey 2020 (CAMS-20) which surveyed driving-related behaviors, attitudes, and perceptions among Australian medical cannabis (MC) users. Of the 1063 respondents who reported driving a motor vehicle in the past 12 months, 28% (297/1063) reported driving under the influence of cannabis (DUIC). Overall, 49–56% of respondents said they typically drive within 6 h of MC use, depending on the route of administration (oral or inhaled). Non-medical cannabis (NMC) was perceived to be more impairing for driving than MC. Binary logistic regression revealed associations between likelihood of DUIC and (1) inhaled routes of cannabis administration, (2) THC-dominant products, (3) illicit rather than prescribed use, (4) believing NMC does not impair driving, and (5) not being deterred by roadside drug testing. Overall, these findings suggest there is a relatively low perception of driving-related risk among MC users. Targeted education programs may be needed to highlight the potential risks associated with DUIC, and further research is needed to determine whether driving performance is differentially affected by MC and NMC.

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Cannabis legalization and driving under the influence of cannabis in a national U.S. Sample

Cited by 3 publications

References 43 publications

Perceived Safety, Not Perceived Legality, Mediates the Relationship Between Cannabis Legalization and Drugged Driving

Perceived Safety, Not Perceived Legality, Mediates the Relationship Between Cannabis Legalization and Drugged Driving

Driving after substance use in Rhode Island adolescents: A cross-sectional analysis of surveillance data

Driving-related behaviors, attitudes, and perceptions among Australian medical cannabis users: results from the CAMS 20 survey

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