Canonical Correlation Analysis Based on Site-Response Proxies to Predict Site-Specific Amplification Functions in Switzerland

Panzera, Francesco; Bergamo, Paolo; Fäh, Donat

doi:10.1785/0120200326

Cited by 22 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…The reason is probably the dominance of the artificial fillings (Figure 2B) that increases the variability of the site response and due to higher density of the infrastructure in the city center affecting the ambient noise wavefield. In the future, we would also apply other methods such as canonical correlations (Panzera et al, 2021) or simulations of wave propagation using numerical modeling that may help us to validate the model.…”

Section: Amplification Map For the Lucerne Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

Combining Earthquake Ground Motion and Ambient Vibration Recordings to Evaluate a Local High-Resolution Amplification Model—Insight From the Lucerne Area, Switzerland

Janusz

Perron

Knellwolf³

et al. 2022

Front. Earth Sci.

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Amplification factors are often estimated using empirical methods based on earthquake ground motion; however, especially in low-seismicity urban areas, recording a statistically representative number of high-quality signals may take years. Hence, the attempts to use ambient vibration instead have progressed. This includes the development of the hybrid site-to-reference spectral ratio (SSRh) method that combines earthquake and ambient vibration recordings. We applied the method in the Lucerne area in central Switzerland that is characterized by low-to-moderate seismicity but was struck by several strong earthquakes in historical times (i.e., Mw 5.9 in 1,601) and is located in a glacial basin filled with unconsolidated deposits prone to significant amplification. To develop the high-resolution local site amplification model for the city of Lucerne using the SSRh method, we took advantage of a small seismic monitoring network installed in the Lucerne area in total for about a year and the stations of the Swiss Strong Motion Network (SSMNet). In addition, we performed two extensive surveys to record ambient vibrations and used dozens of measurements performed in the area since 2001. The resulting amplification model referring to the Swiss reference bedrock conditions indicates high-amplification factors (up to 10-fold) for a broad range of frequencies. The model is consistent with geological data and site response proxies such as f0 values. The direct comparison of our results with the SSR amplification functions for several sites shows good agreement. However, the model is characterized by high uncertainty and influenced by daily variation of the noise wavefield, as well as the spatial distribution of the stations of the seismic network. We also discussed the extent of the applicability of the method, concluding that the main factor influencing its performance is not the distance but the similarity of the site condition between the stations.

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Section: Amplification Map For the Lucerne Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

Combining Earthquake Ground Motion and Ambient Vibration Recordings to Evaluate a Local High-Resolution Amplification Model—Insight From the Lucerne Area, Switzerland

Janusz

Perron

Knellwolf³

et al. 2022

Front. Earth Sci.

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“…In this study, the two sets of variables are the HVSRc and amplification functions (AF), both on a logarithmic scale, discretized within 16 frequency bins in the range of 0.50-10.00 Hz (Figures 4, 6). The bin subdivision used in this study is the same as in Panzera et al (2021), who demonstrated that 16 bins are sufficient to preserve as much as possible of the HVSRc and AF fluctuations in amplitude. The average amplitude Am(k) within the kth bin is computed as a weighted mean,…”

Section: Canonical Correlationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To reconstruct the amplification from HVSRc, we used the approach proposed by Panzera et al (2021). The method consists of solving the inverse problem for Eq.…”

Section: Canonical Correlationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…More details on the preparation and description of the equation system [3] are reported in Panzera et al (2021).…”

Section: Canonical Correlationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In light of these applications aiming at retrieving amplification information from site proxies, Cultrera et al (2014) and Panzera et al (2021) linked through canonical correlation (CC) the horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratio of noise (HVSRn; Nakamura, 1989) with empirical site amplification functions. Cultrera et al (2014) used a worldwide dataset of HVSRn and site-to-reference spectral ratios (SSR; Borcherdt, 1970), whereas Panzera et al (2021) used a Swiss dataset of co-located HVSRn and empirical spectral modeling amplification functions (ESM; Castro et al, 1990;Field and Jacob, 1995;Oth et al, 2011;Edwards et al, 2013). The results highlight the ability of the method to provide an estimate of the local earthquake amplification over chosen frequency bins for sites where single-station ambient vibration recordings are available.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

On the correlation between earthquake coda horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratios and amplification functions at the KiK-net network

Panzera

Bergamo²,

Perron³

et al. 2022

Front. Earth Sci.

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The Japanese KiK-net network comprises about 700 stations spread across the whole territory of Japan. For most of the stations, VP and VS profiles were measured down to the bottom borehole station. Using the vast dataset of earthquake recordings from 1997 to 2020 at a subset of 428 seismic stations, we compute the horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratio of earthquake coda, the S-wave surface-to-borehole spectral ratio, and the equivalent outcropping S-wave amplification function. The de facto equivalence of the horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratio of earthquake coda and ambient vibration is assessed on a homologous Swiss dataset. Based on that, we applied the canonical correlation analysis between amplification information and the horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratio of earthquake coda across all KiK-net sites. The aim of the correlation is to test a strategy to predict local earthquake amplification basing the inference on site condition indicators and single-station ambient vibration recordings. Once the correlation between frequency-dependent amplification factors and amplitudes of horizontal-to-vertical coda spectral ratios is defined, we predict amplification at each site in the selected KiK-net dataset with a leave-one-out cross-validation approach. In particular, for each site, three rounds of predictions are performed, using as prediction target the surface-to-borehole spectral ratio, the equivalent of a standard spectral ratio referred to the local bedrock and to a common Japanese reference rock profile. From our analysis, the most effective prediction is obtained when standard spectral ratios referred to local bedrock and the horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratio of earthquake coda are used, whereas a strong mismatch is obtained when standard spectral ratios are referred to a common reference. We ascribe this effect to the fact that, differently from amplification functions referred to a common reference, horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratios are fully site-dependent and then their peak amplitude is influenced by the local velocity contrast between bedrock and overlying sediments. Therefore, to reduce this discrepancy, we add in the canonical correlation as a site proxy the inferred velocity of the bedrock, which improves the final prediction.

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Modelling site response at regional scale for the 2020 European Seismic Risk Model (ESRM20)

Weatherill

Crowley

Roullé

et al. 2022

Bull Earthquake Eng

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Quantitative estimation of seismic risk over a region requires both an underlying probabilistic seismic hazard model and a means to characterise shallow site response over a large scale. The 2020 European Seismic Risk Model (ESRM20) builds on the 2020 European Seismic Hazard Model (ESHM20), requiring additional information to firstly parameterise the local site condition across all of Europe, and subsequently determine its influence on the prediction of seismic ground motion. Initially, a harmonised digital geological database for Europe is compiled, alongside a model of topographic/bathymetric elevation and a database of 30 m averaged shearwave velocity measurements ($$V_{S30}$$ V S 30 ), in order to produce separate 30 arc-second maps of inferred $$V_{S30}$$ V S 30 based on topography and on geology. We then capitalise on a large database of seismic recording stations in Europe for which site-to-site ground motion residuals ($$\delta S2S_{S}$$ δ S 2 S S ) have been determined with respect to the shallow crustal ground motion model used in the ESHM20. These residuals allow us to incorporate site amplification functions into the European GMM calibrated upon either observed or inferred $$V_{S30}$$ V S 30 , or on the European geology and topography models. We present the resulting pan-European seismic site amplification model and assess its impact on seismic hazard and risk compared against other approaches. The new site amplification model fulfils the requirements of the ESRM20 and, providing uncertainty is fully propagated, yields estimates of seismic hazard and risk at a large space scale that may be comparable to other methods often applied at local/urban scale where better-constrained site information is available.

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Canonical Correlation Analysis Based on Site-Response Proxies to Predict Site-Specific Amplification Functions in Switzerland

Cited by 22 publications

References 42 publications

Combining Earthquake Ground Motion and Ambient Vibration Recordings to Evaluate a Local High-Resolution Amplification Model—Insight From the Lucerne Area, Switzerland

Combining Earthquake Ground Motion and Ambient Vibration Recordings to Evaluate a Local High-Resolution Amplification Model—Insight From the Lucerne Area, Switzerland

On the correlation between earthquake coda horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratios and amplification functions at the KiK-net network

Modelling site response at regional scale for the 2020 European Seismic Risk Model (ESRM20)

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