Canonical Purification of Evaporating Black Holes

Engelhardt, Netta; Folkestad, Åsmund

doi:10.48550/arxiv.2201.08395

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 71 publications

(135 reference statements)

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“…In this paper, we strive to model these phenomena by analyzing the entanglement properties between two separate black holes and envisage the formation of wormholes, from both the bulk gravity and boundary perspective. (See [69][70][71] for other discussions on the formation of wormholes.) In addition, the setup with two black holes could be used to understand the gravity dual description of potential higher dimensional generalizations of the computation in [72].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Black holes Entangled by Radiation

Liu,

Xian,

Peng

et al. 2022

Preprint

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We construct several models to describe the scenario where two eternal black holes are entangled by exchanging radiations. The increasing entanglement between two black holes is reflected in the emergence of a wormhole phase, which could be considered as an incarnation of ER = EP R conjecture. In the context of double holography, we compute the holographic entanglement entropy and the mutual information among of various partitions in the bulk and obtain the phase structure of the entanglement for the system. We find that two black holes, which could be either equal in size or not, can be entangled as long as they are not far apart; in general, the formation of a wormhole needs to overcome the distance between two black holes, and unitarity is preserved by either the formation of a wormhole or the emergence of islands. When the sizes of two black holes are not equal, we observe a loss of entanglement between the smaller black hole and the radiation at late times. We further compute the same entropy measures on the field theory side by considering a coupled SYK model at finite N , where two SYK models are applied as the dual description of two black holes and a Majorana chain connecting them resembles the radiation region. We explicitly compute the entanglement among two SYK systems and the chain, and obtain the similar phase structure as the bulk results. In general, a time delay of entanglement between two SYK sites is found in cases with longer Majorana chains. In particular, when two SYK sites are different in size, similar entanglement loss between the SYK cluster with fewer fermions and the radiation region are observed. To have a more intuitive understanding on the evolution of the entanglement, we further investigate a chain model composed of EPR clusters where exchanging particles are only allowed between neighbouring clusters. In this model, the outermost clusters serve as two black holes, and all inner clusters serve as the radiation. Despite the drastic simplification, the main features observed in previous models persist in this model, including the feature of entanglement between outermost clusters, the time delay of entanglement between two black holes due to distance, and the entanglement loss.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Black holes Entangled by Radiation

Liu,

Xian,

Peng

et al. 2022

Preprint

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“…The converse of this statement is not always true; for examples of states with a large amount of entanglement but no shared interior see[86].…”

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confidence: 99%

The black hole interior from non-isometric codes and complexity

Akers,

Engelhardt,

Harlow

et al. 2024

J. High Energ. Phys.

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Quantum error correction has given us a natural language for the emergence of spacetime, but the black hole interior poses a challenge for this framework: at late times the apparent number of interior degrees of freedom in effective field theory can vastly exceed the true number of fundamental degrees of freedom, so there can be no isometric (i.e. inner-product preserving) encoding of the former into the latter. In this paper we explain how quantum error correction nonetheless can be used to explain the emergence of the black hole interior, via the idea of “non-isometric codes protected by computational complexity”. We show that many previous ideas, such as the existence of a large number of “null states”, a breakdown of effective field theory for operations of exponential complexity, the quantum extremal surface calculation of the Page curve, post-selection, “state-dependent/state-specific” operator reconstruction, and the “simple entropy” approach to complexity coarse-graining, all fit naturally into this framework, and we illustrate all of these phenomena simultaneously in a soluble model.

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“….. The initial slice in the (a) E-mail: x.calmet@sussex.ac.uk (corresponding author) (b) E-mail: hsusteve@gmail.com 1 Given the length limit for a Perspective article, we will not be able to review all the work since Hawking's seminal paper: see, e.g., [2][3][4][5][6][7][8]. Rather, we will focus on the material that is directly relevant to recent advances involving quantum hair.…”

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confidence: 99%

A brief history of Hawking's information paradox

Calmet

Hsu²

2022

EPL

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In this invited review, we describe Hawking’s information paradox and a recently proposed resolution of it. Explicit calculations demonstrate the existence of quantum hair on black holes, meaning that the quantum state of the external graviton ﬁeld depends on the internal state of the black hole. Simple quantummechanics then implies that Hawking radiation amplitudes depend on the internal state, resulting in a pure ﬁnal radiation state that preserves unitarity and, importantly, violates a factorization assumption which is central to the original paradox. Black hole information is encoded in entangled macroscopic superposition states of the radiation.

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Canonical Purification of Evaporating Black Holes

Cited by 4 publications

References 71 publications

Black holes Entangled by Radiation

Black holes Entangled by Radiation

The black hole interior from non-isometric codes and complexity

A brief history of Hawking's information paradox

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