Canopy and Litter Cover Do Not Alter Diaspore Removal by Ants in the Cerrado

Abstract

Diaspore removal by ants is a crucial stage for successful myrmecochory and can be directly or indirectly affected by natural or anthropic changes to environments. Among the consequences of such changes is variation in habitat attributes, such as changes in conditions and resources and, consequently, decreased diaspore removal or even the loss of this ecological function. The aim of this study was to assess whether canopy and litter cover affect diaspore removal by ants in the Cerrado. We considered canopy and litter cover as proxies of humidity and temperature and evaluated whether changes in these environmental conditions could affect diaspore removal by ants. We hypothesized that the greater the canopy and litter cover (higher humidity and lower temperature), the greater the number of diaspores removed by ants. We tested this hypothesis by establishing three classes of cover for each proxy: low, intermediate, and high. We placed artificial diaspores under each cover class and quantified the number of diaspores removed. We found that variation in canopy and litter cover did not affect the number of diaspores removed by ants in areas of cerrado sensu stricto. Variation in habitat attributes in natural environments were less important for diaspore removal than in modified areas. Our results indicate that understanding the processes and habitat atributes involved in diaspore removal by ants is important for conserving the Cerrado.

Ant species that remove diaspores alone are more efficient removers

“…We used artificial diaspores to standardize sampling, since natural diaspores may vary in shape, size, and ripening stage, which could influence their interactions with ants. The use of artificial diaspores is a method employed to avoid problems with not finding enough natural diaspores at the time of the experiment and to standardize samplings, since natural diaspores may vary in shape, size, and ripening stage, which can influence their interactions with ants (Raimundo et al, 2004;Bieber et al, 2014;Rabello et al, 2015;Angotti et al, 2018;Rabelo et al, 2020Rabelo et al, , 2021.…”